Actividades de autocuidado basados en encadenamiento hacia atrás para pacientes esquizofrénicos residuales Hospital Psiquiátrico Lorenzo Ponce período junio - diciembre 2011
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2011
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
La esquizofrenia es una de las enfermedades mentales más debilitantes y desconcertantes, es un grupo de trastornos que producen distorsión en los pensamientos. Los pensamientos parecieran estar mezclados o cambian bruscamente de un tema u otro. La percepción puede distorsionarse más allá de la realidad, haciendo que las personas oigan o cosas que no existan. Los estudios epidemiológicos demuestran que afectan a hombres y a mujeres en la misma proporción, pero suele ser más grave y de comienzo más precoz en los hombres. Se desconoce la razón de esta diferencia por género. Se clasifica en varios tipos que son: Esquizofrenia de tipo paranoide, Esquizofrenia hebefrenia o desorganizada, Esquizofrenia de tipo catatónico, Esquizofrenia indiferenciada y Esquizofrenia residual. Los síntomas positivos son manifestaciones que el paciente hace o experimenta y que las personas sanas no suelen presenta como alucinaciones, delirio y trastornos del pensamiento. Y los síntomas negativos: son aquellas cosas que el paciente deja de hacer y que los individuos sanos pueden realizar cotidianamente, como son: Pobreza afectiva, alogia, abulia –apatía, anhedonia – insociabilidad y problemas cognitivos de la atención. La evolución de la enfermedad consta de tres fases que son: fase prodrómica: se produce antes de una crisis, fase activa: es la fase donde se desencadena la enfermedad, son los llamados brotes, los síntomas que se producen son los positivos. La duración de los brotes varía según la persona y puede extenderse desde unas semanas hasta un año y fase residual: no la sufren todos los enfermos, en esta fase los síntomas negativos llegan a su cumbre y el deterioro personal, social y laboral es grave. El tratamiento se basa en fármacos: neurolépticos, tratamiento psicosocial: psicoeducación, acompañamiento del caso, tratamiento psicológico y rehabilitación ocupacional: hábitos y roles. El terapeuta Ocupacional: Se ocupa del tratamiento, valoración y reeducación de la persona esquizofrénica. Hábitos - reeducación - rehabilitación
Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating and disconcerting mental illnesses, it is a group of disorders that produce distortion in thoughts. The thoughts seem to be mixed or change abruptly from one topic or another. Perception can be distorted beyond reality, causing people to hear or things that do not exist. Epidemiological studies show that they affect men and women in the same proportion, but it is usually more serious and starts earlier in men. The reason for this difference by gender is unknown. It is classified into several types that are: Schizophrenia of paranoid type, Schizophrenia hebefrenia or disorganized, Schizophrenia of catatonic type, Schizophrenia undifferentiated and Residual Schizophrenia. Positive symptoms are manifestations that the patient makes or experiences and that healthy people do not usually present as hallucinations, delirium and disorders of thought. And the negative symptoms are those things that the patient stops doing and that healthy individuals can perform on a daily basis, such as: Affective poverty, praise, apathy -apathy, anhedonia - unsociability and cognitive problems of attention. The evolution of the disease consists of three phases that are: prodromal phase: occurs before a crisis, active phase: is the phase where the disease is triggered, are called outbreaks, the symptoms that occur are positive. The duration of outbreaks varies according to the person and can range from a few weeks to a year and residual phase: not all sufferers suffer, in this phase the negative symptoms reach their peak and personal, social and occupational deterioration is serious. The treatment is based on drugs: neuroleptics, psychosocial treatment: psychoeducation, case monitoring, psychological treatment and occupational rehabilitation: habits and roles. The Occupational Therapist: deals with the treatment, assessment and reeducation of the schizophrenic person. Habits - reeducation - rehabilitation
Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating and disconcerting mental illnesses, it is a group of disorders that produce distortion in thoughts. The thoughts seem to be mixed or change abruptly from one topic or another. Perception can be distorted beyond reality, causing people to hear or things that do not exist. Epidemiological studies show that they affect men and women in the same proportion, but it is usually more serious and starts earlier in men. The reason for this difference by gender is unknown. It is classified into several types that are: Schizophrenia of paranoid type, Schizophrenia hebefrenia or disorganized, Schizophrenia of catatonic type, Schizophrenia undifferentiated and Residual Schizophrenia. Positive symptoms are manifestations that the patient makes or experiences and that healthy people do not usually present as hallucinations, delirium and disorders of thought. And the negative symptoms are those things that the patient stops doing and that healthy individuals can perform on a daily basis, such as: Affective poverty, praise, apathy -apathy, anhedonia - unsociability and cognitive problems of attention. The evolution of the disease consists of three phases that are: prodromal phase: occurs before a crisis, active phase: is the phase where the disease is triggered, are called outbreaks, the symptoms that occur are positive. The duration of outbreaks varies according to the person and can range from a few weeks to a year and residual phase: not all sufferers suffer, in this phase the negative symptoms reach their peak and personal, social and occupational deterioration is serious. The treatment is based on drugs: neuroleptics, psychosocial treatment: psychoeducation, case monitoring, psychological treatment and occupational rehabilitation: habits and roles. The Occupational Therapist: deals with the treatment, assessment and reeducation of the schizophrenic person. Habits - reeducation - rehabilitation
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Esquizofrenia, Hábitos, Rehabilitación, Enfermedades mentales, Instituto de Neurociencias, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Autocuidado, Encadenamiento