Evaluación de riesgos ergonómicos por posturas forzadas y movimientos repetitivos y su relación con trastornos musculoesqueléticos en el área de empaque de una empresa bananera de Ecuador.
Fecha
2023-12-19
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
La presente tesis tiene como objetivo general evaluar los riesgos ergonómicos en el
área de empaque de una empresa bananera y su relación con trastornos
musculoesqueléticos. Se emplearon metodologías como el Sistema de Análisis de
Posturas de Trabajo Ovako (OWAS) y Acciones Repetitivas Ocupacionales
(OCRA) para identificar el grado de riesgo y proponer medidas preventivas. Se
examinaron datos sociodemográficos y síntomas musculoesqueléticos de 18
trabajadores. La metodología OWAS resaltó riesgos para los Llenadores de Plato,
revelando asociaciones significativas entre datos sociodemográficos y riesgo.
OCRA mostró riesgos por movimientos repetitivos, destacando la necesidad de
intervenciones. La consistencia entre OWAS y OCRA respalda la congruencia en
las evaluaciones de riesgo. Los resultados respaldan la implementación de
intervenciones específicas para mejorar la salud musculoesquelética de los
trabajadores y promover un entorno laboral más seguro y saludable. Se
recomiendan intervenciones específicas, como pausas activas y capacitación en
técnicas de levantamiento, para mejorar la salud musculoesquelética y crear un
e ntorno laboral más seguro.
The purpose of this thesis is to assess ergonomic risks in the packaging area of a banana company and their relation to musculoskeletal disorders. Methodologies such as the Ovako Work Posture Analysis System (OWAS) and Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA) were employed to identify the level of risk and propose preventive measures. Sociodemographic data and musculoskeletal symptoms of 18 workers were examined. The OWAS methodology highlighted risks for Plate Fillers, revealing significant associations between sociodemographic data and risk. OCRA showed risks due to repetitive movements, emphasizing the need for interventions. The consistency between OWAS and OCRA supports congruence in risk assessments. The results support the implementation of specific interventions to improve the musculoskeletal health of workers and promote a safer and healthier work environment. Specific interventions such as active breaks and training in lifting techniques are recommended to enhance musculoskeletal health and create a safer work environment.
The purpose of this thesis is to assess ergonomic risks in the packaging area of a banana company and their relation to musculoskeletal disorders. Methodologies such as the Ovako Work Posture Analysis System (OWAS) and Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA) were employed to identify the level of risk and propose preventive measures. Sociodemographic data and musculoskeletal symptoms of 18 workers were examined. The OWAS methodology highlighted risks for Plate Fillers, revealing significant associations between sociodemographic data and risk. OCRA showed risks due to repetitive movements, emphasizing the need for interventions. The consistency between OWAS and OCRA supports congruence in risk assessments. The results support the implementation of specific interventions to improve the musculoskeletal health of workers and promote a safer and healthier work environment. Specific interventions such as active breaks and training in lifting techniques are recommended to enhance musculoskeletal health and create a safer work environment.
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Palabras clave
RIESGOS ERGONÓMICOS, TRASTORNOS MUSCULOESQUELÉTICOS, METODOLOGÍA OWAS, METODOLOGÍA OCRA