Análisis de factores ergonómicos y psicosociales y su relación con la seguridad física en la Empresa Cuport Cía. Ltda.
Fecha
2021-12-28
Autores
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
Este proyecto de investigación se centró en analizar la carga postural y los factores
de riesgos psicosociales en los guardias de seguridad de la empresa Cuport Cía. Ltda.,
mediante la aplicación de métodos específicos y con la finalidad del plantear estrategias
preventivas dentro de un programa de vigilancia de la salud ocupacional. La
implementación del método OWAS (Ovako Working Analysis System) en este estudio
de factores de riesgos ergonómicos fue viable, ya que permitió identificar los riesgos
críticos que se observan en el puesto de trabajo (agente de seguridad), dejando consigo
a las extremidades inferiores como esa parte del cuerpo humano que más se ve afectada
por esta actividad laboral. De hecho, en el primer punto analizado (Aprofe) se constató
que existe una bipedestación prolongada ya que el agente de seguridad pasa más de 4
horas de pie. Consiguientemente para la identificación de riesgos psicosociales
presentes en la empresa se ejecutó el cuestionario de evaluación psicosocial en espacios
laborales, dando como resultado global dos dimensiones con riesgo medio, el mismo
que genera un impacto potencialmente moderado sobre la salud y seguridad a mediano
plazo. Como resultado de lo expuesto se evidenció la existencia de una bipedestación
prolongada debido a la postura que ejercen los agentes de seguridad, esto debido al
tiempo de exposición ejecutada por los empleados en sus puntos de trabajo;
consecuentemente se determinó mediante la encuesta de cuestionario de evaluación
psicosocial en espacios laborales que, de las ocho dimensiones propuestas, dos
dimensiones resultaron con un riesgo medio, identificando de esta forma que el
colaborador no cuenta con una ayuda técnica y administrativa eficiente, asimismo es
escasa la atención de un psicólogo, trabajadora social en situación de crisis y
rehabilitación.
This research project focused on analyzing the postural load and psychosocial risk factors in the security guards of the company Cuport Cía. Ltda., through the application of specific methods and with the purpose of proposing preventive strategies within an occupational health surveillance program. The implementation of the OWAS method (Ovako Working Analysis System) in this study of ergonomic risk factors was feasible, since it allowed identifying the critical risks observed in the workplace (security agent), leaving the lower extremities as that part of the human body that is most affected by this work activity. In fact, at the first point analyzed (Aprofe) it was found that there is prolonged standing as the security agent spends more than 4 hours standing. Consequently, for the identification of psychosocial risks present in the company, the psychosocial evaluation questionnaire was carried out in work spaces, giving as a global result two dimensions with medium risk, the same one that generates a potentially moderate impact on health and safety in the medium term. As a result of the above, the existence of prolonged standing was evidenced due to the posture exercised by the security agents, this due to the exposure time executed by the employees at their work points; Consequently, it was determined through the psychosocial evaluation questionnaire survey in work spaces that, of the eight proposed dimensions, two dimensions resulted in a medium risk, thus identifying that the collaborator does not have efficient technical and administrative help, it is also scarce. the care of a psychologist, social worker in crisis and rehabilitation.
This research project focused on analyzing the postural load and psychosocial risk factors in the security guards of the company Cuport Cía. Ltda., through the application of specific methods and with the purpose of proposing preventive strategies within an occupational health surveillance program. The implementation of the OWAS method (Ovako Working Analysis System) in this study of ergonomic risk factors was feasible, since it allowed identifying the critical risks observed in the workplace (security agent), leaving the lower extremities as that part of the human body that is most affected by this work activity. In fact, at the first point analyzed (Aprofe) it was found that there is prolonged standing as the security agent spends more than 4 hours standing. Consequently, for the identification of psychosocial risks present in the company, the psychosocial evaluation questionnaire was carried out in work spaces, giving as a global result two dimensions with medium risk, the same one that generates a potentially moderate impact on health and safety in the medium term. As a result of the above, the existence of prolonged standing was evidenced due to the posture exercised by the security agents, this due to the exposure time executed by the employees at their work points; Consequently, it was determined through the psychosocial evaluation questionnaire survey in work spaces that, of the eight proposed dimensions, two dimensions resulted in a medium risk, thus identifying that the collaborator does not have efficient technical and administrative help, it is also scarce. the care of a psychologist, social worker in crisis and rehabilitation.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, SALUD E HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL, RIESGOS PSICOSOCIALES, GUARDIAS DE SEGURIDAD, OWAS