Análisis de susceptibilidad a inundaciones en la parroquia rural Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (Jujan) Provincia Del Guayas
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2023
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Esta investigación se elaboró en la parroquia rural Jujan, donde se encuentra limitado por el norte con el cantón los Ríos, al Este con el Cantón Simón Bolívar, al Sur se encuentra el Cantón Milagro, y al Oeste el Cantón Samborondón y Yaguachi, además su principal fuente hídrica en esta parroquia es el Río Soledad. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es evaluar la susceptibilidad a inundaciones por las intensas lluvias, donde se tomó en cuenta los siguientes criterios para la investigación como son las pendientes, las precipitaciones. La litología, el uso del suelo y geomorfología de la zona de estudio.
La magnitud y los efectos potenciales dependen de diversos factores, no solo por causa de fenómenos hidrometeorológicos, sino también de las características propias del terreno, como el relieve (pendiente), textura del suelo, uso del suelo, cubierta vegetal, la litología, las características de la red de drenaje, infraestructuras realizadas en los drenajes, entre otras. Para cada criterio se asignaron pesos relacionados con su nivel de influencia o importancia. También se evaluó el impacto de factores antropogénicos en la región que incrementan las inundaciones. Estos datos fueron procesados usando GIS, teniendo en cuenta el método de superposición ponderada, que permitió la identificación de cuatro categorías de susceptibilidad: propenso a inundaciones, moderadamente inundado, severamente inundado y extremadamente inundado. La mayor parte del cantón es muy susceptible a inundaciones.
A diferencia de otros desastres naturales, las inundaciones en este cantón se presentan en diferentes episodios y con una magnitud variable durante algunos periodos en el año, lo cual exige prepararse y planificar la respuesta. Las lluvias que a lo largo de los últimos dieciséis años han sido visibles por su afectación en diferentes puntos sectores, los cuales se identifican no solo los sectores más vulnerables ante fenómenos de esta naturaleza, sino también la verdadera magnitud y repercusión que esta clase de eventos causaran a la población de dicho cantón.
Además, se realizó un plan de contingencia para este fenómeno que es recurrente en esta cabecera cantonal por la influencia de los ríos que existen en la zona, incluyendo la acción humana como la perforación del muro de contención que existe en la altura del sector primera de mayo teniendo en cuenta que de los 3 ríos
que existen.
This research was carried out in the rural parish of Jujan, where it is limited to the north by the Los Ríos canton, to the East by the Simón Bolívar Canton, to the South is the Milagro Canton, and to the West the Samborondón Canton and Yaguachi, in addition to its main water source in this parish is the Rio Soledad. The main objective of this investigation is to evaluate the susceptibility to flooding due to heavy rains where the following criteria for the investigation were taken into account, such as the slopes, the precipitations. lithology, land use and geomorphology of the study area. The magnitude and potential effects depend on various factors, not only due to hydrometeorological phenomena, but also the characteristics of the terrain, such as relief (slope), soil texture, land use, vegetation cover, lithology, characteristics of the drainage network, infrastructures carried out in the drainages, among others. For each of the criteria, the weights related to their level of influence or importance were established. The influence of anthropic factors in the area, which enhance flooding, was also evaluated. This information was processed by means of a GIS, applying the weighted superposition method, which allowed the identification of four classes of susceptibility: no susceptibility, low, medium and high. Most of the canton presents a medium to high susceptibility. Unlike other natural disasters, flooding in this canton occurs in different episodes and with a variable magnitude during some periods of the year, which requires preparation and response planning. The rains that over the last sixteen years have been visible due to their affectation in different sectors, which identify not only the sectors most vulnerable to phenomena of this nature, but also the true magnitude and repercussion that this kind of event caused to the population of said canton. In addition, a contingency plan was carried out for this phenomenon that is recurrent in this cantonal capital due to the influence of the rivers that exist in the area, including human action such as the perforation of the retaining wall that exists at the height of the first sector of May taking into account that of the 3 rivers that exist, the most destructive is the Chilintomo river with a darkened color due to all the objects that it drags along its path from the south of the canton. The high annual rainfall that exists in this area and in the entire lower basin of the Guayas river drastically contributes to the high susceptibility of the study area, in addition to having a plains geomorphology, contributing drastically to making it an ideal area for Strong floods, however, in our susceptibility map, 4 types of floods are differentiated from minor to major.
This research was carried out in the rural parish of Jujan, where it is limited to the north by the Los Ríos canton, to the East by the Simón Bolívar Canton, to the South is the Milagro Canton, and to the West the Samborondón Canton and Yaguachi, in addition to its main water source in this parish is the Rio Soledad. The main objective of this investigation is to evaluate the susceptibility to flooding due to heavy rains where the following criteria for the investigation were taken into account, such as the slopes, the precipitations. lithology, land use and geomorphology of the study area. The magnitude and potential effects depend on various factors, not only due to hydrometeorological phenomena, but also the characteristics of the terrain, such as relief (slope), soil texture, land use, vegetation cover, lithology, characteristics of the drainage network, infrastructures carried out in the drainages, among others. For each of the criteria, the weights related to their level of influence or importance were established. The influence of anthropic factors in the area, which enhance flooding, was also evaluated. This information was processed by means of a GIS, applying the weighted superposition method, which allowed the identification of four classes of susceptibility: no susceptibility, low, medium and high. Most of the canton presents a medium to high susceptibility. Unlike other natural disasters, flooding in this canton occurs in different episodes and with a variable magnitude during some periods of the year, which requires preparation and response planning. The rains that over the last sixteen years have been visible due to their affectation in different sectors, which identify not only the sectors most vulnerable to phenomena of this nature, but also the true magnitude and repercussion that this kind of event caused to the population of said canton. In addition, a contingency plan was carried out for this phenomenon that is recurrent in this cantonal capital due to the influence of the rivers that exist in the area, including human action such as the perforation of the retaining wall that exists at the height of the first sector of May taking into account that of the 3 rivers that exist, the most destructive is the Chilintomo river with a darkened color due to all the objects that it drags along its path from the south of the canton. The high annual rainfall that exists in this area and in the entire lower basin of the Guayas river drastically contributes to the high susceptibility of the study area, in addition to having a plains geomorphology, contributing drastically to making it an ideal area for Strong floods, however, in our susceptibility map, 4 types of floods are differentiated from minor to major.
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INUNDACIONES, SUSCEPTIBILIDAD, ANTRÓPICA, PRECIPITACIÓN, LLANURAS, RÍOS