Análisis comparativo de zonas de prevalencia de las enfermedades virales del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) del litoral ecuatoriano
Fecha
2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Ecuador exporta 252.000 ton/año promedio de camarón blanco Litopennaeus vannamei y sus principales mercados son Estados Unidos, España, Italia, Francia y Rusia. La mancha blanca (WSSV) en 1999 provocó en Ecuador y Centroamérica grandes pérdidas económicas por baja de la producción del crustáceo. La Secretaria Nacional de Riesgo no está completamente preparada para hacer frente a riesgos acuícolas; hasta el momento no existen mapas del comportamiento histórico de enfermedades del camarón ecuatoriano acompañado de un programa gubernamental dirigido para este fin. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar comparativamente las zonas de prevalencia de las enfermedades del Litopenaeus vannamei, del litoral ecuatoriano entre los años 2007 – 2013. Para ello, se realizó una base de datos con información suministrada por el Laboratorio de Análisis de Productos de uso Acuícola (Lab-EPA), del Instituto Nacional de Pesca, se determinó la frecuencia de las enfermedades por provincias y por épocas y se correlacionó con la temperatura superficial del mar. Finalmente se realizaron mapas de prevalencia viral en las Provincias de Esmeraldas, Manabí, Guayas, Santa Elena y El Oro utilizando herramientas geoespaciales y estadística descriptiva. De siete enfermedades investigadas, dos mostraron prevalencia, y sólo 1,69% del estudio fue positivo y de este el 77,57% para IHHNV y 22,43% para WSSV. Las zonas con mayor prevalencia fueron Santa Elena y El Oro y la de menor, Esmeraldas. Se evidenció correlación entre la prevalencia de IHHNV y la temperatura (r=-0,89; p=0,001). Finalmente, se realizó una propuesta de monitoreo trimestral a las zonas de mayor prevalencia.
Ecuador exports 252.000 tons / year average of White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its main markets are United States, Spain, Italy, France and Russia. The White Spot disease (WSSV) caused large economic losses in Ecuador and Central America due to the great decrease of this crustacean production. The National Risk Secretariat is not fully well prepared to face aquaculture risks; till this date there are no maps of the Ecuadorian shrimp diseases historical behaviour accompanied by a government program to address this problem. The main goal of the current study was analyze comparatively the viral diseases of Litopenaeus vannamei at prevalence areas in the Ecuadorian coast during the 2007-2013 period. In order to do so, a database was developed with information provided by the Laboratory of Aquaculture Products (LabEPA), of the National Fisheries Institute, diseases frequency was set by provinces and seasons so it was correlated with sea surface temperature. Finally, virus prevalence maps were done in the Provinces of Esmeraldas, Manabí, Guayas, Santa Elena and El Oro, using geospatial tools and descriptive statistic. Two diseases showed prevalence out of seven studied. Only 1.69% were positive, 77.57% for IHHNV and 22.43% for WSSV. The most prevalence areas were Santa Elena and El Oro and the least one was Esmeraldas. It was clearly evident the correlation between IHHNV prevalence and the temperature (r=-0,89; p=0,001). Finally, a proposal for every three months monitoring to the most prevalence areas was done.
Ecuador exports 252.000 tons / year average of White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its main markets are United States, Spain, Italy, France and Russia. The White Spot disease (WSSV) caused large economic losses in Ecuador and Central America due to the great decrease of this crustacean production. The National Risk Secretariat is not fully well prepared to face aquaculture risks; till this date there are no maps of the Ecuadorian shrimp diseases historical behaviour accompanied by a government program to address this problem. The main goal of the current study was analyze comparatively the viral diseases of Litopenaeus vannamei at prevalence areas in the Ecuadorian coast during the 2007-2013 period. In order to do so, a database was developed with information provided by the Laboratory of Aquaculture Products (LabEPA), of the National Fisheries Institute, diseases frequency was set by provinces and seasons so it was correlated with sea surface temperature. Finally, virus prevalence maps were done in the Provinces of Esmeraldas, Manabí, Guayas, Santa Elena and El Oro, using geospatial tools and descriptive statistic. Two diseases showed prevalence out of seven studied. Only 1.69% were positive, 77.57% for IHHNV and 22.43% for WSSV. The most prevalence areas were Santa Elena and El Oro and the least one was Esmeraldas. It was clearly evident the correlation between IHHNV prevalence and the temperature (r=-0,89; p=0,001). Finally, a proposal for every three months monitoring to the most prevalence areas was done.
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CAMARONICULTURA, ENFERMEDADES, IHHNV, LITOPENAUES VANNAMEI, WSSV