Factores de riesgo de metástasis cerebral en pacientes con remisión del cáncer primario. Protocolo de prevención Hospital Oncológico Solca Guayaquil
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El cáncer es una de las enfermedades crónicas más graves y con mayores secuelas,
con una alta incidencia a nivel mundial, considerada como la epidemia del siglo XXI.
Entre sus consecuencias se describen las metástasis cerebrales que representan un
punto de quiebre en la evolución de la enfermedad, siendo en muchos casos el
determinante de la esperanza de vida de pacientes oncológicos. Se realizó una
investigación de carácter cualitativo, tipo estudio de caso, para identificar los factores
de riesgo presentes en pacientes oncológicos con metástasis cerebrales. En la literatura
se describe la asociación de factores demográficos como edad y etnia, con mayor
predisposición a desarrollar metástasis cerebral, al igual que la presencia de
enfermedades crónico-degenerativas como hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus.
En un estudio realizado en el Hospital de Solca, se evidencio la presencia de signos
clínicos neurológicos como cefalea y ACV, así como la presentación de la metástasis
como tumores múltiples, 12 a 18 meses posteriores al diagnóstico de cáncer. Otro
elemento relacionado con la predisposición a presentar metástasis cerebral en
pacientes con cáncer primario en remisión, es el tratamiento recibido de su tumor
primario, la respuesta ante el mismo y la clasificación TNM correspondiente a cada
caso, identificando en diversos estudios que existen características puntuales de los
tumores que predisponen con mayor porcentaje a la aparición de metástasis
cerebrales. En síntesis, existe un sinnúmero de factores de riesgo para metástasis
cerebral en pacientes oncológicos en remisión, de tipos demográficos y biológicos que
varían en función del tumor primario.
Cancer is one of the most serious and with greater consequences, with a high incidence worldwide, considered the epidemic of the century chronic diseases. Among the consequences of brain metastases they represent a turning point in the evolution of the disease, and in many cases the determinant of life expectancy of cancer patients are described, qualitative research, case study type, was performed to identify risk factors present in cancer patients with brain metastases. In literature the association of demographic factors such as age and ethnicity is described in greater predisposition to develop brain metastasis, as well as the presence of chronic degenerative diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In a study conducted at the Hospital of Solca, the presence of neurological clinical signs such as headache and stroke it was evident, and the presentation of metastasis as multiple tumors, 12 to 18 months after diagnosis of cancer. Another element related to the predisposition to brain metastasis in patients with primary cancer in remission, is the treatment received from the primary tumor, the response to it and the corresponding to each TNM classification, identifying several studies that there are specific characteristics of tumors predisposing highest percentage to the appearance of brain metastases. In short, there are a number of risk factors for brain metastases in cancer patients in remission, demographic and biological types that vary depending on the primary tumor.
Cancer is one of the most serious and with greater consequences, with a high incidence worldwide, considered the epidemic of the century chronic diseases. Among the consequences of brain metastases they represent a turning point in the evolution of the disease, and in many cases the determinant of life expectancy of cancer patients are described, qualitative research, case study type, was performed to identify risk factors present in cancer patients with brain metastases. In literature the association of demographic factors such as age and ethnicity is described in greater predisposition to develop brain metastasis, as well as the presence of chronic degenerative diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. In a study conducted at the Hospital of Solca, the presence of neurological clinical signs such as headache and stroke it was evident, and the presentation of metastasis as multiple tumors, 12 to 18 months after diagnosis of cancer. Another element related to the predisposition to brain metastasis in patients with primary cancer in remission, is the treatment received from the primary tumor, the response to it and the corresponding to each TNM classification, identifying several studies that there are specific characteristics of tumors predisposing highest percentage to the appearance of brain metastases. In short, there are a number of risk factors for brain metastases in cancer patients in remission, demographic and biological types that vary depending on the primary tumor.
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NEOPLASIAS ENCEFALICAS, METASTASIS, FACTORES DE RIESGO, MEDICINA PREVENTIVA, PROTOCOLOS, HOSPITAL SOLCA DE GUAYAQUIL, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR