El deterioro de los términos de intercambio entre los precios del petrólio y los precios de combustibles, del Ecuador, período 2000-2019
Fecha
2020-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El déficit en la Balanza Comercial Ecuatoriana y la crisis económica de nuestro país se agudiza, cuando se realizan las importaciones de derivados y no son cubiertas con los ingresos de las exportaciones de la materia prima del petróleo (crudo), se optó por realizar un análisis al sector petrolero mediante los índices de términos de intercambio, debido a que este sector tiene diferente dinámica económica. Se tomó como problema base ,“El Deterioro de los Términos de Intercambio de los Precios del Petróleo y los Combustibles en el Ecuador durante los Años 2000 al 2019” con las siguientes causas y efectos, el Ecuador como ofrece materia prima al mercado internacional con precios altos y al no tener moneda propia no le permite ser competitivo , si los precios son bajos debemos exportar más, y para satisfacer la demanda local con los productos de derivados de petróleo se importa con precios internacionales muy elevados donde la entrada de divisas son menores que la salida de las mismas. Para realizar este análisis se usó la metodología cuantitativa porque se tomó los datos anuales numéricos de importación y exportación del Banco Central, el Ministerio de Energía y Minas y de Petroecuador, con dichos datos se realizó los cálculos y los gráficos. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa al tomarse referencias de fuentes secundarias. Se cumplió la premisa de que realmente existe un Deterioro en los Términos de Intercambio por medio de los resultados, se comprobó por medio de los saldos negativos en la Balanza Comercial.
The deficit in the Ecuadorian Trade Balance and the economic crisis of our country is worsened when the imports of derivatives are made and are not covered by the income from the exports of the raw material of oil (crude), it was decided to make an analysis of the oil sector through the indexes of terms of exchange, because this sector has different economic dynamics. The basic problem was taken as "The Deterioration of the Terms of Exchange of the Prices of Oil and Fuels in Ecuador during the Years 2000 to 2019" with the following causes and effects, Ecuador as it offers raw material to the international market with high prices and not having its own currency does not allow it to be competitive, if the prices are low we must export more, and to satisfy the local demand with the products of petroleum derivatives is imported with very high international prices where the entrance of foreign currency is lower than the entrance of the same. To carry out this analysis we used the quantitative methodology because we took the annual numerical data of import and export from the Central Bank, the Ministry of Energy and Mines and Petroecuador, with such data we made the calculations and graphs. The qualitative methodology was used when taking references from secondary sources. The premise that there really is a Deterioration in the Terms of Exchange was fulfilled by means of the results, it was proved by means of the negative balances in the Commercial Balance.
The deficit in the Ecuadorian Trade Balance and the economic crisis of our country is worsened when the imports of derivatives are made and are not covered by the income from the exports of the raw material of oil (crude), it was decided to make an analysis of the oil sector through the indexes of terms of exchange, because this sector has different economic dynamics. The basic problem was taken as "The Deterioration of the Terms of Exchange of the Prices of Oil and Fuels in Ecuador during the Years 2000 to 2019" with the following causes and effects, Ecuador as it offers raw material to the international market with high prices and not having its own currency does not allow it to be competitive, if the prices are low we must export more, and to satisfy the local demand with the products of petroleum derivatives is imported with very high international prices where the entrance of foreign currency is lower than the entrance of the same. To carry out this analysis we used the quantitative methodology because we took the annual numerical data of import and export from the Central Bank, the Ministry of Energy and Mines and Petroecuador, with such data we made the calculations and graphs. The qualitative methodology was used when taking references from secondary sources. The premise that there really is a Deterioration in the Terms of Exchange was fulfilled by means of the results, it was proved by means of the negative balances in the Commercial Balance.
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PRECIO DEL PETRÓLEO, PRECIO DEL COMBUSTIBLE, TÉRMINOS DE INTERCAMBIOS, EXPORTACIONES
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APA