Impacto del ruido ergonómico en la salud de los trabajadores de centros educativos: un análisis meta analítico.
Fecha
2023-12-14
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
Introducción: La acumulación del sonido en el medio ambiente genera molestias en los individuos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud indica que el límite al que puede estar expuesto una persona y no sufrir daños en la salud es de 65 dB. Los efectos de la exposición laboral al ruido van más allá del deterioro de la audición e incluyen desde molestias simples hasta alteraciones fisiológicas en diferentes órganos, no solo en el oído. Además, pueden producir distracciones, interferencias en la comunicación, alteraciones psicológicas, disminución del rendimiento y afectar el desempeño de las tareas. Objetivo: Investigar el impacto del ruido ergonómico en la salud de los trabajadores de centros educativos a través de un análisis meta analítico de la literatura existente. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura, guiado por el método PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses), que se ha diseñado como un instrumento para contribuir a mejorar las redacciones científicas Discusión: Según el nivel del ruido en 9 de los 11 artículos estudiados indican de manera predominante la presencia de riesgo peligroso en un 82%. Estos riesgos pudieran ocasionar enfermedades de naturaleza ocupacional, no obstante, es importante destacar que el ruido manifiesta efectos en la salud del docente desde nivel moderado a síntomas potencialmente peligrosos. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos encontrados en el metaanálisis revelaron una relación entre la exposición al ruido y diversas enfermedades: con la voz, la audición, aspectos fisiológicos y psicológicos. Sin embargo, es importante indicar que la información disponible es limitada para poder clasificar estas afecciones como enfermedades ocupacionales. Sin embargo, los organismos educativos deberían hacer un control del número de estudiantes por cada aula, que vayan de acuerdo a las normativas vigentes de cada país, con el fin de minimizar el ruido producido dentro del salón de clases. Asimismo, la ubicación geográfica debe ser considerada al momento de solicitar los permisos estatales para su funcionamiento, ya que el ruido exterior generado por el tránsito y comercio exacerba la sensación acústica. Autor: Odon. Ortega Clavijo María Regina Dra. Rodríguez Salazar María Eugenia
Palabras
Introduction: The accumulation of sound in the environment generates discomfort in individuals. The World Health Organization indicates that the limit to which a person can be exposed and not suffer health damage is 65 dB The effects of occupational exposure to noise go beyond hearing impairment and include everything from simple discomfort to physiological alterations in different organs, not just the ear. In addition, they can cause distractions, interference in communication, psychological alterations, decreased performance and affect task performance. Objective: To investigate the impact of ergonomic noise on the health of workers in educational centers through a meta-analytic analysis of the existing literature. Methods: Systematic review of the literature, guided by the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses), which has been designed as an instrument to contribute to improving scientific writing Discussion: According to the noise level in 9 of the 11 articles studied, they predominantly indicate the presence of dangerous risk in 82%. These risks could cause diseases of an occupational nature; however, it is important to highlight that noise manifests effects on the teacher's health from a moderate level to potentially dangerous symptoms. Conclusions: The findings found in the meta-analysis revealed a relationship between noise exposure and various diseases: with voice, hearing, physiological and psychological aspects. However, it is important to indicate that the information available is limited to classify these conditions as occupational diseases. However, educational organizations should control the number of students in each classroom, in accordance with the current regulations of each country, in order to minimize the noise produced inside the classroom. Likewise, the geographical location must be considered when requesting state permits for its operation, since the outside noise generated by traffic and commerce exacerbates the acoustic sensation.
Introduction: The accumulation of sound in the environment generates discomfort in individuals. The World Health Organization indicates that the limit to which a person can be exposed and not suffer health damage is 65 dB The effects of occupational exposure to noise go beyond hearing impairment and include everything from simple discomfort to physiological alterations in different organs, not just the ear. In addition, they can cause distractions, interference in communication, psychological alterations, decreased performance and affect task performance. Objective: To investigate the impact of ergonomic noise on the health of workers in educational centers through a meta-analytic analysis of the existing literature. Methods: Systematic review of the literature, guided by the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses), which has been designed as an instrument to contribute to improving scientific writing Discussion: According to the noise level in 9 of the 11 articles studied, they predominantly indicate the presence of dangerous risk in 82%. These risks could cause diseases of an occupational nature; however, it is important to highlight that noise manifests effects on the teacher's health from a moderate level to potentially dangerous symptoms. Conclusions: The findings found in the meta-analysis revealed a relationship between noise exposure and various diseases: with voice, hearing, physiological and psychological aspects. However, it is important to indicate that the information available is limited to classify these conditions as occupational diseases. However, educational organizations should control the number of students in each classroom, in accordance with the current regulations of each country, in order to minimize the noise produced inside the classroom. Likewise, the geographical location must be considered when requesting state permits for its operation, since the outside noise generated by traffic and commerce exacerbates the acoustic sensation.
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AULAS RUIDOSAS, CONTAMINACIÓN SÓNICA, SALUD AUDITIVA, EFECTOS DEL RUIDO