Factores asociados al abandono de tratamiento en los pacientes nuevos con tuberculosis pulmonar BK+ en la ciudad de Guayaquil durante el año 2012
Fecha
2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería
Resumen
El abandono de tratamiento como un agravante de los Programas de Control de la Tuberculosis en los Establecimientos de Salud, constituye una amenaza a la Salud Pública, por el riesgo de incrementar la resistencia bacteriana, esto motivó llevar a efecto el estudio de los ―Factores Relacionados con el Abandono al Tratamiento Anti tuberculosis en los Pacientes Diagnosticados como Casos Nuevos‖, con el objetivo de documentar los factores que Inciden en el abandono de tratamiento en los establecimientos de salud de la Ciudad de Guayaquil. El método utilizado en este estudio es Epidemiológico de Campo, de tipo Exploratorio, Descriptivo, Explicativo, Correlacional, aplicada a una muestra de 115 pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento E-1, y luego abandonaron. El proceso y análisis de datos generales del paciente, muestra que de 115 encuestados 87% son de sexo masculino en edades comprendidas entre 20 a 40 años (44%), instrucción secundaria incompleta el 45% y primaria completa el 34%. Entre los factores relacionado con el abandono de tratamientos están los relacionados con aspectos sociales como el consumo de drogas (57%), alcohol (18%), delincuencia (4%), seguido de factores vinculados con los Servicios de Salud: mala atención (66%), falta de visitas domiciliarias dentro de las 48 horas de haber abandonado el tratamiento (67%) y los factores relacionados con el tratamiento como las RAM con el 38%. Concluimos que el principal factor de abandono de tratamiento está relacionado con los servicios de salud, por lo tanto recomendamos la importancia del manejo humano ajustado a los tiempos y adecuado a las necesidades de los pacientes, el cumplimiento normativo de las visitas domiciliarias para la reinserción del paciente al tratamiento y el manejo interprogramático para la solución oportuna de los problemas motivo de abandono.
The abandonment of treatment as an aggravating Programs Tuberculosis Control in Health Facilities, constitutes a threat to public health, increasing the risk of bacterial resistance, this motivated to carry out the study "Factors Related Abandonment to Treatment with Anti tuberculosis in Patients Diagnosed as New Cases ", with the aim of documenting the factors that Affect the abandonment of treatment in health facilities in the city of Guayaquil. The method used in this study is Epidemiological Field, type Exploratory, Descriptive, Explanatory, correlational, applied to a sample of 115 patients who started treatment E-1, and then abandoned. The data analysis process and general patient shows that of 115 respondents 87% were male aged between 20-40 years (44%), incomplete secondary education, 45% primary and 34% complete. Among the factors associated with the abandonment of treatments are those related to social issues such as drug use (57%), alcohol (18%), crime (4%), followed by factors related to the health services: poor attention ( 66%), lack of home visit within 48 hours of leaving the treatment (67%) and treatment-related factors such as RAM with 38%. We conclude that the main factor treatment dropout is related to health services, therefore we recommend the importance of human management adjusted to the times and adapted to the needs of patients, compliance, home visits for the reintegration of patient treatment and management interprogrammatic for timely resolution of problems because of neglect.
The abandonment of treatment as an aggravating Programs Tuberculosis Control in Health Facilities, constitutes a threat to public health, increasing the risk of bacterial resistance, this motivated to carry out the study "Factors Related Abandonment to Treatment with Anti tuberculosis in Patients Diagnosed as New Cases ", with the aim of documenting the factors that Affect the abandonment of treatment in health facilities in the city of Guayaquil. The method used in this study is Epidemiological Field, type Exploratory, Descriptive, Explanatory, correlational, applied to a sample of 115 patients who started treatment E-1, and then abandoned. The data analysis process and general patient shows that of 115 respondents 87% were male aged between 20-40 years (44%), incomplete secondary education, 45% primary and 34% complete. Among the factors associated with the abandonment of treatments are those related to social issues such as drug use (57%), alcohol (18%), crime (4%), followed by factors related to the health services: poor attention ( 66%), lack of home visit within 48 hours of leaving the treatment (67%) and treatment-related factors such as RAM with 38%. We conclude that the main factor treatment dropout is related to health services, therefore we recommend the importance of human management adjusted to the times and adapted to the needs of patients, compliance, home visits for the reintegration of patient treatment and management interprogrammatic for timely resolution of problems because of neglect.
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Tuberculosis pulmonar, Epidemiología descriptiva, Sociología medica, Abandono del tratamiento, Guayaquil, Ecuador