Análisis biológicos en el cultivo del camarón Litopenaeus vannamei: Sesión de laboratorio y de campo 2011
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil
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El trabajo que se presenta es el resultado de la labor realizada sobre el control biológico (patológico y bacteriológico) en las piscinas camaroneras de la empresa Pesquera del Carmen ubicada al sureste de la parroquia San Carlos, cantón Balao provincia de Guayas, durante los meses de Abril, Mayo, Junio del 2011.
Se trabajaron en cuatro piscinas cuya superficie total fue de 120 hectáreas. El área de las piscinas 5 y 6 es de 40 hectáreas cada una, mientras que las piscinas 7 y 8 tienen una superficie de 20 hectáreas cada una, y en el laboratorio de patología se realizaron los análisis en fresco.
Se analizaron un total de 160 individuos por mes, haciéndose un total de 480 camarones, analizados durante los meses de Abril, Mayo y Junio del 2011. Se pudo identificar epicomensales como; Ascophrys sp., Leucothrix sp., Epistylis sp y Acineta sp., en porcentaje variable y en grado bajo en cada una de las piscinas, como también se observó gregarinas en un porcentaje apreciable durante los meses de estudios.
En el mes de Junio en la piscina 6, se observó en fresco túbulos del hepatopáncreas con deformaciones y escasos lípidos, atribuido al desarrollo de bacteria intracelulares tipo Rickettsias, presentándose alta mortalidad; además, se observó la presencia de macrófitas, tipo Ruppia sp que contribuyó a la baja de oxígeno, especialmente durante la noche.
El análisis bacteriológico durante los tres meses no se presentó problemas, ya que los agentes que viven y se desarrollan como patógenos no estuvieron en mayores proporciones, además estos pudieron ser controlados con los prebióticos tipos Bacillus sp., que impide la multiplicación de bacterias.
Los valores de los parámetros ambientales estuvieron en los siguientes rangos durante los meses de abril y mayo (T=25°C- 28°C; S%o=15-20 ppm; O2=5; TB=50 - 60 cm), a excepción de Junio que debido a las lluvias, tanto el oxígeno y la salinidad fueron menores a los valores indicados
The work presented is the result of the work on biological control (pathological and bacteriological) in shrimp ponds of Pesquera del Carmen located southeast of the parish of San Carlos, Canton Balao Guayas Province, during the months of April, May and June 2011. They worked in four pools whose total area was 120 hectares. The area of the pools 5 and 6 is 40 acres each, while pools 7 and 8 have an area of 20 hectares each and in the pathology laboratory analyzes were performed on fresh. We analyzed a total of 160 individuals per month, making a total of 480 shrimp, analyzed during the months of April, May and June 2011. Epicommensals was identified as; Ascophrys sp. Leucothrix sp. Epistylis Acineta sp and sp. Percentage low degree variable in each of the pools, as also observed in a significant percentage gregarines during the months of study. In the month of June in the pool 6, was observed in fresh hepatopáncrea tubules with few deformations and lipids, attributed to the development of type intracellular bacteria Rickettsia, presenting high mortality, in addition, we observed the presence of macrophytes Ruppia sp type that contributed a low oxygen, especially during the night. The bacteriological analysis for the three months did not show problems since agents live and develop as pathogens were at no greater proportions and these could be controlled with Bacillus sp prebiotics types., Which prevents bacteria from multiplying. The environmental parameter values were in the following ranges during the months of April and May (T = 25 ° C-28 ° C, S% o = 15-20 ppm, O2 = 5, TB = 50-60 cm), June except that due to the rains, both oxygen and salinity were lower than the values shown
The work presented is the result of the work on biological control (pathological and bacteriological) in shrimp ponds of Pesquera del Carmen located southeast of the parish of San Carlos, Canton Balao Guayas Province, during the months of April, May and June 2011. They worked in four pools whose total area was 120 hectares. The area of the pools 5 and 6 is 40 acres each, while pools 7 and 8 have an area of 20 hectares each and in the pathology laboratory analyzes were performed on fresh. We analyzed a total of 160 individuals per month, making a total of 480 shrimp, analyzed during the months of April, May and June 2011. Epicommensals was identified as; Ascophrys sp. Leucothrix sp. Epistylis Acineta sp and sp. Percentage low degree variable in each of the pools, as also observed in a significant percentage gregarines during the months of study. In the month of June in the pool 6, was observed in fresh hepatopáncrea tubules with few deformations and lipids, attributed to the development of type intracellular bacteria Rickettsia, presenting high mortality, in addition, we observed the presence of macrophytes Ruppia sp type that contributed a low oxygen, especially during the night. The bacteriological analysis for the three months did not show problems since agents live and develop as pathogens were at no greater proportions and these could be controlled with Bacillus sp prebiotics types., Which prevents bacteria from multiplying. The environmental parameter values were in the following ranges during the months of April and May (T = 25 ° C-28 ° C, S% o = 15-20 ppm, O2 = 5, TB = 50-60 cm), June except that due to the rains, both oxygen and salinity were lower than the values shown
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Yunga Gómez, Jacqueline Gabriela (2013): Análisis biológicos en el cultivo del camarón Litopenaeus vannamei: Sesión de laboratorio y de campo 2011