Tratamiento farmacológico de Sars-CoV-2: revisión de reacciones adversas a medicamentos más usados en el tratamiento de covid-19
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
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La enfermedad causada por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) apareció en China a finales del
2019, con una evolución insidiosa, alta transmisibilidad y mortalidad, ocasionando que se extienda rápidamente a otros países por lo que se declaró pandemia. Alrededor del mundo se utilizó fármacos ya existentes para intentar mitigar la enfermedad, razón por la cual este estudio está encaminado a analizar las reacciones adversas a medicamentos más usados en el tratamiento de COVID-19. La metodología utilizada fue la búsqueda de bibliografía en la base de datos Medline a partir del motor de búsqueda Pubmed para realizar una revisión bibliográfica de tipo narrativo, de cuyos resultados se realizó el análisis correspondiente. Los resultados muestran que, entre los fármacos más utilizados, la cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina son los que presentan más reportes de reacciones adversas sobre diferentes órganos y sistemas principalmente a nivel cardiovascular. Las principales conclusiones de esta revisión destacan que los fármacos más usados son algunos analgésicos y antipiréticos, antitusígenos y mucolíticos, antivirales, antimaláricos, corticosteroides, tocilizumab, interferón tipo I, ivermectina, colchicina, nitazoxanida, azitromicina y antitrombóticos; los órganos y sistemas más frecuentemente afectados por reacciones adversas a los medicamentos usados en pacientes con COVID-19 han sido la piel, el aparato cardiovascular, el aparato gastrointestinal y el sistema inmune; los fármacos que por sus reacciones adversas leves o moderadas, así como menos reportadas, podrían considerarse como más seguros son el paracetamol, oseltamivir, N-acetilcisteína, interferón tipo I, Tocilizumab, enoxaparina, nitazoxanida y colchicina.
The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) appeared in China at the end of 2019, with an insidious evolution, high transmissibility and mortality, causing it to spread rapidly to other countries and was declared a pandemic. Around the world, existing drugs were used to try to mitigate the disease, which is why this study is aimed at analyzing the adverse reactions to the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of COVID-19. The methodology used was a literature search in the Medline database using the Pubmed search engine to carry out a narrative literature review, the results of which were analyzed. The results show that, among the most commonly used drugs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are the ones that present more reports of adverse reactions on different organs and systems, mainly at the cardiovascular level. The main conclusions of this review highlight that the most commonly used drugs are some analgesics and antipyretics, antitussives and mucolytics, antivirals, antimalarials, corticosteroids, tocilizumab, type I interferon, ivermectin, colchicine, nitazoxanide, azithromycin and antithrombotics; the organs and systems most frequently affected by adverse reactions to drugs used in patients with COVID-19 have been the skin, the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal system and the immune system; the drugs that, because of their mild or moderate adverse reactions, as well as less reported, could be considered as safer are paracetamol, oseltamivir, N-acetylcysteine, type I interferon, Tocilizumab, enoxaparin, nitazoxanide and colchicine.
The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) appeared in China at the end of 2019, with an insidious evolution, high transmissibility and mortality, causing it to spread rapidly to other countries and was declared a pandemic. Around the world, existing drugs were used to try to mitigate the disease, which is why this study is aimed at analyzing the adverse reactions to the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of COVID-19. The methodology used was a literature search in the Medline database using the Pubmed search engine to carry out a narrative literature review, the results of which were analyzed. The results show that, among the most commonly used drugs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are the ones that present more reports of adverse reactions on different organs and systems, mainly at the cardiovascular level. The main conclusions of this review highlight that the most commonly used drugs are some analgesics and antipyretics, antitussives and mucolytics, antivirals, antimalarials, corticosteroids, tocilizumab, type I interferon, ivermectin, colchicine, nitazoxanide, azithromycin and antithrombotics; the organs and systems most frequently affected by adverse reactions to drugs used in patients with COVID-19 have been the skin, the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal system and the immune system; the drugs that, because of their mild or moderate adverse reactions, as well as less reported, could be considered as safer are paracetamol, oseltamivir, N-acetylcysteine, type I interferon, Tocilizumab, enoxaparin, nitazoxanide and colchicine.
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COVID-19, TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLÓGICO DE SARS-COV-2, REACCIONES ADVERSAS MEDICAMENTOSAS (RAM)