Enzimoinmunoensayo y quimioluminiscencia para detectar anticuerpos anti-virus linfotrópico humano de células t tipo l/ll en donantes de sangre
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2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Los virus linfotrópicos humanos de células T tipo I y II (HTLV-I/II) son retrovirus estrechamente relacionados pero distintos que pueden infectar a los seres humanos. Ambos virus pueden transmitirse mediante transfusiones de componentes sanguíneos contaminados. Objetivo: Comparar el enzimoinmunoensayo y quimioluminiscencia para detectar anticuerpos anti-virus linfotrópico humano de células T TIPO I/II en donantes de sangre en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de la ciudad de Guayaquil, en el periodo de abril del 2019 a mayo del 2020. Metodología: se realizó un análisis observacional, descriptivo, inferencial, de tipo correlacional en el que se buscó asociar las variables al determinar la presencia de anticuerpos antiHTLV I y II, por los métodos ELISA y CLIA. La población estudiada en este período fue de 13917 donantes y muestra de acuerdo a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, estuvo conformada por 176 donantes. Resultados: el 72,2% correspondían al género masculino y el 22,8% al femenino. De acuerdo a la edad el 71,7% estaban entre 18 a 45 años y el 28,3% eran mayores de 45 años. Según la etnia, el 10.9% correspondían a la raza blanca, el 66,3% mestiza y el 22,8% eran afroecuatorianos. Se encontró una sensibilidad para el método ELISA del 100%, una especificidad del 98,8% y una exactitud del 99,4%, valores superiores al método CLIA Conclusiones: Las pruebas CLIA como ELISA detectaron muestras seropositivas en el estudio, demostrando que ambas pruebas tenían una alta especificidad y sensibilidad, siendo superior con el empleo del método ELISA. Se encontró, además, una prevalencia de seropositivos para HTLV de 66 por cada 10 000 donantes de sangre, es decir el 0.66% en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el periodo 2019–2020.
Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses’ types I and II (HTLV-I/II) are closely related but distinct retroviruses that can infect humans. Both viruses can be transmitted through transfusions of contaminated blood components. Objective: To compare the enzyme immunoassay and chemiluminescence to detect antibodies against human lymphotropic virus of T cells TYPE I/II in blood donors at the Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo in the city of Guayaquil, from April 2019 to May 2019. 2020. Methodology: an observational, descriptive, inferential, correlational analysis was carried out in which it was sought to associate the variables when determining the presence of anti-HTLV I and II antibodies, by the ELISA and CLIA methods. The population studied in this period was 13,917 donors and the sample, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, consisted of 176 donors. Results: 72.2% corresponded to the male gender and 22.8% to the female gender. According to age, 71.7% were between 18 and 45 years old and 28.3% were older than 45 years. According to ethnicity, 10.9% were white, 66.3% mestizo, and 22.8% were Afro-Ecuadorians. A sensitivity of 100% was found for the ELISA method, a specificity of 98,9% and an accuracy of 99,4%, values higher than the CLIA method. Conclusions: CLIA tests such as ELISA detected seropositive samples in the study, demonstrating that both tests had high specificity and sensitivity, being higher with the use of the ELISA method. In addition, a prevalence of HTLV seropositives of 66 per 10,000 blood donors was found, that is, 0.66% in the Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo in the period 2019–2020.
Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses’ types I and II (HTLV-I/II) are closely related but distinct retroviruses that can infect humans. Both viruses can be transmitted through transfusions of contaminated blood components. Objective: To compare the enzyme immunoassay and chemiluminescence to detect antibodies against human lymphotropic virus of T cells TYPE I/II in blood donors at the Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo in the city of Guayaquil, from April 2019 to May 2019. 2020. Methodology: an observational, descriptive, inferential, correlational analysis was carried out in which it was sought to associate the variables when determining the presence of anti-HTLV I and II antibodies, by the ELISA and CLIA methods. The population studied in this period was 13,917 donors and the sample, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, consisted of 176 donors. Results: 72.2% corresponded to the male gender and 22.8% to the female gender. According to age, 71.7% were between 18 and 45 years old and 28.3% were older than 45 years. According to ethnicity, 10.9% were white, 66.3% mestizo, and 22.8% were Afro-Ecuadorians. A sensitivity of 100% was found for the ELISA method, a specificity of 98,9% and an accuracy of 99,4%, values higher than the CLIA method. Conclusions: CLIA tests such as ELISA detected seropositive samples in the study, demonstrating that both tests had high specificity and sensitivity, being higher with the use of the ELISA method. In addition, a prevalence of HTLV seropositives of 66 per 10,000 blood donors was found, that is, 0.66% in the Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo in the period 2019–2020.
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ANTICUERPOS ANTI-VIH, TECNICAS DE LABORATORIO CLINICO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES DR. TEODORO MALDONADO CARBO, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR, DONANTES DE SANGRE, LINFOCITOS T