Eficacia del legrado uterino y aspiración al vacío en el manejo Hospitalario del aborto incompleto
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El presente proyecto de investigación fue desarrollado con el fin de determinar la eficacia del legrado uterino y aspiración al vacío en el manejo hospitalario del aborto incompleto, estableciéndose un estudio de tipo: Analítico – correlacional, retrospectivo, en el período Enero 2018 a Enero 2019 con un total de 239 casos. Entre los resultados se estableció que la incidencia de aborto incompleto fue del 66.49 %, la edad promedio de estas mujeres fue de 26 años y el mayor riesgo de aborto incompleto fue a las 16 semanas gestación, siendo recurrente en multíparas con un 69.87 %. El antecedente de legrado uterino es considerado el factor de riesgo más relevante con un 28.24 %, seguido de edad mayor a 35 años con un 25.91 %, aborto recurrente con un 12.29 %, presencia de mioma submucoso con un 7.64 %, antecedente de conización con un 6.31 %, presencia de pólipo endometrial con un 5.65 %. De las mujeres realizadas aspiración al vacío el 96.55 % logró una adecuada evacuación de la cavidad uterina, mientras que para legrado uterino fue del 85.53 % considerándose por tanto que ambos procedimientos son altamente efectivos, resultados validados con prueba de hipótesis tipo Chi cuadrado de correlación con un p valor de 0.014 para legrado uterino y de 0.001 para aspiración al vacío, razón por la cual se recomienda su uso como alternativas terapéuticas de primera línea para el manejo del aborto incompleto.
The present research project was developed in order to determine the efficacy of uterine curettage and vacuum aspiration in hospital management of incomplete abortion, establishing a study of type: Analytical - correlational, retrospective, in the period January 2018 to January 2019 with a total of 239 cases. Among the results, it was established that the incidence of incomplete abortion was 66.49%, the average age of these women was 26 years and the highest risk of incomplete abortion was at 16 weeks’ gestation, being recurrent in multiparous women with 69.87%. The history of uterine curettage is considered the most relevant risk factor with 28.24%, followed by age over 35 years with 25.91%, recurrent abortion with 12.29%, presence of submucosal myoma with 7.64%, history of conization with 6.31%, presence of endometrial polyp with 5.65%. Of the women who underwent vacuum aspiration, 96.55% achieved an adequate evacuation of the uterine cavity, while for uterine curettage it was 85.53%, considering that both procedures are highly effective, results validated with a Chi-square hypothesis test correlation with a p value of 0.014 for uterine curettage and 0.001 for vacuum aspiration, which is why its use is recommended as first-line therapeutic alternatives for the management of incomplete abortion.
The present research project was developed in order to determine the efficacy of uterine curettage and vacuum aspiration in hospital management of incomplete abortion, establishing a study of type: Analytical - correlational, retrospective, in the period January 2018 to January 2019 with a total of 239 cases. Among the results, it was established that the incidence of incomplete abortion was 66.49%, the average age of these women was 26 years and the highest risk of incomplete abortion was at 16 weeks’ gestation, being recurrent in multiparous women with 69.87%. The history of uterine curettage is considered the most relevant risk factor with 28.24%, followed by age over 35 years with 25.91%, recurrent abortion with 12.29%, presence of submucosal myoma with 7.64%, history of conization with 6.31%, presence of endometrial polyp with 5.65%. Of the women who underwent vacuum aspiration, 96.55% achieved an adequate evacuation of the uterine cavity, while for uterine curettage it was 85.53%, considering that both procedures are highly effective, results validated with a Chi-square hypothesis test correlation with a p value of 0.014 for uterine curettage and 0.001 for vacuum aspiration, which is why its use is recommended as first-line therapeutic alternatives for the management of incomplete abortion.
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Aborto incompleto, Aspiración al vacío, Legrado uterino, Epidemiología analítica, Hospital de la Mujer Alfredo G. Paulson, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador