Estado nutricional de pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis
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2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Tecnología Médica
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar el estado nutricional de los pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis en
la Fundación Renal Del Ecuador Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio
descriptivo, de corte transversal, de enfoque cuantitativo. Las técnicas aplicadas en este
trabajo de titulación fueron la recolección de datos a través de la encuesta, frecuencia de
consumo de alimentos, datos bioquímicos y la historia clínica de los pacientes, donde se
evaluó el estado nutricional a través de indicadores de (IMC) e (ICC). mediante muestreo no
probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: La muestra conformada en el presente estudio
fue de 60 pacientes en tratamiento de hemodiálisis en la Fundación renal del Ecuador Iñigo
Álvarez de Toledo por Insuficiencia renal crónica IRC, los cuales poseían variables
sociodemográficos de: edad, género y estado civil, distribuidos por el 57% del género
masculino denotando que existe mayor predominio en hombres, Sin embargo, con relación a la
edad el 43% se evidencia que existe mayor prevalencia en el adulto mayor y la edad media
con el 38%. Así mismo, a través del indicador IMC se evidencia que el 37% de los pacientes
tienen sobrepeso. En los valores bioquímicos se denota que los valores de potasio 50% y
fósforo 60% están en rangos elevados con relación a los valores normales. Conclusión: Se
determinó que el estado nutricional de los pacientes en hemodiálisis se caracteriza por
sobrepeso, desequilibrios electrolíticos (hiperpotasemia e hiperfosfatemia). Sin embargo,
presentan buen tratamiento dialítico evidenciado en los resultados bioquímicos de Ktv.
Palabras clave:
Enfermedad Renal Crónica, Hemodiálisis, Nutrición, Estado Nutricional, Calidad de diálisis.
Objective: To determine the nutritional status of patients under treatment at the Fundación Renal Del Ecuador Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study, cross- sectional, quantitative approach. The techniques applied in this degree work were data collection through a survey, frequency of food consumption, biochemical data, and clinical history of patients, where nutritional status was determined by means of indicators (BMI) and waist circumference index (WC), by non-probabilistic sampling by convenience. Results: The sample formed in the present study consisted of 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment at the Fundación Renal del Ecuador Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo for chronic renal failure CRI, who had sociodemographic variables: age, gender and marital status, distributed by 57% of the male gender denoting that there is greater predominance in men, however, in relation to age 43% shows that there is greater prevalence in the elderly and middle age with 38%. Likewise, through the BMI indicator it is evident that 37% of the patients are overweight. The biochemical values show that potassium 50% and phosphorus 60% are in high ranges in relation to normal values. Conclusion: It was determined that the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients is characterized by overweight, electrolyte imbalances. however, they present good dialysis treatment evidenced in the biochemical results of Ktv. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis, Nutrition, Nutritional Status, Dialysis Quality.
Objective: To determine the nutritional status of patients under treatment at the Fundación Renal Del Ecuador Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study, cross- sectional, quantitative approach. The techniques applied in this degree work were data collection through a survey, frequency of food consumption, biochemical data, and clinical history of patients, where nutritional status was determined by means of indicators (BMI) and waist circumference index (WC), by non-probabilistic sampling by convenience. Results: The sample formed in the present study consisted of 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment at the Fundación Renal del Ecuador Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo for chronic renal failure CRI, who had sociodemographic variables: age, gender and marital status, distributed by 57% of the male gender denoting that there is greater predominance in men, however, in relation to age 43% shows that there is greater prevalence in the elderly and middle age with 38%. Likewise, through the BMI indicator it is evident that 37% of the patients are overweight. The biochemical values show that potassium 50% and phosphorus 60% are in high ranges in relation to normal values. Conclusion: It was determined that the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients is characterized by overweight, electrolyte imbalances. however, they present good dialysis treatment evidenced in the biochemical results of Ktv. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis, Nutrition, Nutritional Status, Dialysis Quality.
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Palabras clave
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, PACIENTES, HEMODIALISIS, FUNDACION RENAL DEL ECUADOR IÑIGO ALVAREZ DE TOLEDO, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR