Afrontamiento en situaciones de estrés en el adulto mayor de la Fundación NURTAC de la ciudad de Guayaquil, 2017
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas
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El presente estudio de caso se realizó en la Fundación “NURTAC”, en la ciudad de Guayaquil durante los meses de Junio, Julio y Agosto del presente año, en el que participaron 6 adultos mayores con edades comprendidas entre 76 a 86 años. El objetivo general de nuestra investigación fue establecer los estilos de afrontamiento utilizados por los adultos mayores beneficiarios del Proyecto de promoción de Salud mental y evaluación psicosocial en la Fundación Nurtac, empleando una metodología de carácter cualitativo a fin de describir los aspectos personológicos de los adultos mayores en situaciones de estrés mediante la aplicación de reactivos psicológicos como: la Escala de Yesavage empleada para la identificación de síntomas de depresión, el Test de Estrés con el cual se identificó el nivel de estrés que poseían y el Cuestionario de Afrontamiento del Estrés (CAE) con el cual se evaluaron los estilos básicos de afrontamiento del estrés manifiesto en la muestra estudiada, logrando obtener como resultado el factor religión, la focalización en la solución del problemas y la evitación como las estrategias de afrontamiento más utilizadas. En el análisis se evidenció que el nivel de estrés en los adultos mayores fue leve y moderado originados principalmente por las enfermedades crónicas que padecen, su situación económica y desempleo. También se observaron manifestaciones físicas, psicológicas y conductuales de estrés en la muestra estudiada como: cefaleas, insomnio, tristeza, angustia, mal humor y problemas familiares. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron orientar nuestro trabajo hacia el desarrollo de un plan de intervención que fomente la salud mental de los adultos mayores mediante el desarrollo de recursos psicológicos que les permita mejorar su calidad de vida, utilizando el enfoque cognitivo-conductual ya que se ha demostrado su efectividad para atender los diferentes trastornos psicopatológicos y psicosociales
The present case study was carried out in the "NURTAC" Foundation, in the city of Guayaquil during the months of June, July and August of this year, in which 6 elderly adults aged between 76 and 86 participated. The general objective of our research was to establish the coping styles used by the elderly beneficiaries of the Project of promotion of mental health and psychosocial evaluation at the Nurtac Foundation, using a methodology of qualitative character to describe the personological aspects of the elderly in stress situations through the application of psychological reagents such as the Yesavage Scale used to identify symptoms of depression, the Stress Test with which the level of stress was identified and the Stress Coping Questionnaire (CAE) with which the basic styles of stress coping manifested in the sample studied were evaluated, obtaining as a result the factor religion, the focus on problem solving and avoidance as the most used coping strategies. The analysis showed that the level of stress in the elderly was mild and moderate, mainly due to the chronic diseases they suffer, their economic situation and unemployment. Physical, psychological and behavioral stress manifestations were also observed in the sample studied: headache, insomnia, sadness, distress, moodiness and family problems. The results obtained allowed us to orient our work towards the development of an intervention plan that promotes the mental health of the elderly through the development of psychological resources that allow them to improve their quality of life, using the cognitive-behavioral approach as it has been demonstrated its effectiveness to attend the different psychopathological and psychosocial disorders
The present case study was carried out in the "NURTAC" Foundation, in the city of Guayaquil during the months of June, July and August of this year, in which 6 elderly adults aged between 76 and 86 participated. The general objective of our research was to establish the coping styles used by the elderly beneficiaries of the Project of promotion of mental health and psychosocial evaluation at the Nurtac Foundation, using a methodology of qualitative character to describe the personological aspects of the elderly in stress situations through the application of psychological reagents such as the Yesavage Scale used to identify symptoms of depression, the Stress Test with which the level of stress was identified and the Stress Coping Questionnaire (CAE) with which the basic styles of stress coping manifested in the sample studied were evaluated, obtaining as a result the factor religion, the focus on problem solving and avoidance as the most used coping strategies. The analysis showed that the level of stress in the elderly was mild and moderate, mainly due to the chronic diseases they suffer, their economic situation and unemployment. Physical, psychological and behavioral stress manifestations were also observed in the sample studied: headache, insomnia, sadness, distress, moodiness and family problems. The results obtained allowed us to orient our work towards the development of an intervention plan that promotes the mental health of the elderly through the development of psychological resources that allow them to improve their quality of life, using the cognitive-behavioral approach as it has been demonstrated its effectiveness to attend the different psychopathological and psychosocial disorders
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adulto mayor, estrés, afrontamiento, calidad de vida, salud mental, recursos psicológicos