Factores de riesgo relacionados con crisis asmática en el Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Pediátrico Baca Ortiz
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El asma es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible, provoca inflamación y estrechamiento de las vías pulmonares, causa morbilidad y mortalidad, la crisis asmática, requiere de emergencia hospitalaria; los factores de riesgo son alérgenos, agentes irritantes, cambios de temperatura, ejercicio, ácaros, polvo, humo del tabaco, hongos, cucarachas, animales domésticos. El objetivo general, es determinar la asociación de los factores sociodemográficos (nivel de educación, edad, sexo, servicios básicos) y factores de riesgo (hereditarios, contaminación ambiental, ejercicio físico, desencadenantes alérgicos y procedencia) con la crisis asmática en los niños menores de cinco años que ingresan al Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Pediátrico Baca Ortiz, en el periodo de enero a junio del 2017. La metodología, parte de un diseño transversal, enfoque cuantitativo, nivel descriptivo y relacional, universo (N=18.932), muestra (n=377) menores de 5 años. Los resultados, revelan asociación entre los factores hereditarios que influyen en el desarrollo de las crisis asmáticas, (p < 0,05); existe relación de alergias por ácaros, polvo y aire con el asma, (p < 0,05), existe relación entre nivel de educación considerando las categorías de analfabeta, primaria, secundaria, superior con el asma, (p < 0,05); existe relación entre edad y asma, (p < 0,05), entre grupos de edad y asma, (p < 0,05). En las conclusiones, se demuestra la hipótesis, pues existe relación entre la contaminación ambiental por el humo del tabaco y desencadenantes alérgicos (ácaros, polvo, aire, frio) con la crisis asmática
Asthma is a chronic non-transmissible disease, causes inflammation and narrowing of the pulmonary pathways, causes morbidity and mortality, asthmatic crisis, requires hospital emergency; the risk factors are allergens, irritants, temperature changes, exercise, mites, dust, tobacco smoke, fungi, cockroaches, domestic animals. The general objective is to determine the association of sociodemographic factors (educational level, age, sex, basic services) and risk factors (hereditary, environmental contamination, physical exercise, allergic triggers and origin) with the asthmatic crisis in children of five years who entered the Emergency Service of the Pediatric Hospital Baca Ortiz, in the period from January to June of 2017. The methodology, part of a transversal design, quantitative approach, descriptive and relational level, universe (N = 18.932), shows (n = 377) children under 5 years. The results show an association between the hereditary factors that influence the development of asthmatic crisis, (p <0.05); there is a relation between level of education considering the categories of illiterate, primary, secondary and higher with asthma, (p <0.05) ; there is a relationship between age and asthma, (p <0.05), between age groups and asthma, (p <0.05). It concludes with the demonstration of the hypothesis, because there is a relationship between environmental pollution from tobacco smoke and allergic triggers (dust mites, air, cold) with the asthmatic crisis
Asthma is a chronic non-transmissible disease, causes inflammation and narrowing of the pulmonary pathways, causes morbidity and mortality, asthmatic crisis, requires hospital emergency; the risk factors are allergens, irritants, temperature changes, exercise, mites, dust, tobacco smoke, fungi, cockroaches, domestic animals. The general objective is to determine the association of sociodemographic factors (educational level, age, sex, basic services) and risk factors (hereditary, environmental contamination, physical exercise, allergic triggers and origin) with the asthmatic crisis in children of five years who entered the Emergency Service of the Pediatric Hospital Baca Ortiz, in the period from January to June of 2017. The methodology, part of a transversal design, quantitative approach, descriptive and relational level, universe (N = 18.932), shows (n = 377) children under 5 years. The results show an association between the hereditary factors that influence the development of asthmatic crisis, (p <0.05); there is a relation between level of education considering the categories of illiterate, primary, secondary and higher with asthma, (p <0.05) ; there is a relationship between age and asthma, (p <0.05), between age groups and asthma, (p <0.05). It concludes with the demonstration of the hypothesis, because there is a relationship between environmental pollution from tobacco smoke and allergic triggers (dust mites, air, cold) with the asthmatic crisis
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ESTADO ASMATICO, PEDIATRIA, SERVICIO DE URGENCIA EN HOSPITAL, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL PEDIATRICO BACA ORTIZ, CANTON QUITO, ECUADOR