Evaluación de niveles de ruido ambiental en la ciudadela Sauces 6 y Guayacanes etapa 1 manzana 63, parroquia Tarqui, sector norte de la ciudad de Guayaquil
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2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Se evaluó la contaminación sonora de las ciudadelas Sauces 6 y Guayacanes
etapa 1 manzana 63, parroquia Tarqui, sector norte de Guayaquil desde el día
lunes 7 de marzo del 2016 hasta el día viernes 11 de marzo del 2016 en 9 puntos,
se diseñaron mapas de ruido y conteo vehicular. El muestreo en campo se llevó
a cabo en jornadas consideradas de elevada afluencia vehicular de 7 a 9 am
diurna, de 12 a 14 pm mediodía y de 17 a 19 pm vespertino.
Se utilizó un sonómetro clase 2, calibrador acústico y trípode. Los mapas de ruido
se generaron con el sistema de información geográfico ARCGIS evidenciando
mayor contaminación en la jornada diurna siendo el punto 8 más afectado con
niveles de 71.8 a 73.9 dBA y el menos afectado el punto 7 con de 66.8 a 68.3
dBA excediendo los niveles sugeridos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud.
El análisis estadístico se desarrolló en Minitab, resultando en la influencia directa
de los vehículos livianos con los decibelios obtenidos. Estos niveles de presión
sonora se atribuyen principalmente al tráfico vehicular, uso indebido del claxon y
comercios cercanos existentes.
Este documento supone la primera referencia bibliográfica sobre calidad acústica
ambiental del área, incluido el flujo vehicular y la presentación de mapas de ruido
que serán de manera didáctica una guía importante. Además se proponen
recomendaciones y propuestas para disminuir el nivel de ruido ambiental.
Noise pollution was assessed in the neighborhoods of Sauces 6 and Guayacanes etapa 1 manzana 63, parroquia Tarqui, northern zone of Guayaquil city during Monday 7th to Friday 11th march in 2016 in 9 study points, vehicle traffic flow was counted. Field research took place in a day-shift considered highly road traffic used from 7 am to 9 am daytime, from 12 pm to 14 pm midday, from 17 pm to 19 pm evening. A data logger sound meter type 2, an acoustic calibrator and a tripod were necessary were necessary. Noise mapping was developed in ARCGIS software, a geographical information system showing an elevated pollution in daytime shift being the most affected with noise levels between 71.8 to 73.9 dBA and the less affected site was the point 7 with noise levels from 66.8 to 68.3 dBA exceeding minimum noise levels suggested by the World Health Organization. Statistical analysis was realized using Minitab, showing the influence of light vehicles with the noise levels got in field research. This noise levels were mostly consequence of traffic road, incorrectly use of horn and nearby sale stores existing in area. This document suppose the very first bibliographical reference about environmental acoustic quality of the studied area, included flow traffic and the presentation of noise maps that will be an important didactic guideline. Recommendations and suggestions to reduce environmental noise pollution were also made.
Noise pollution was assessed in the neighborhoods of Sauces 6 and Guayacanes etapa 1 manzana 63, parroquia Tarqui, northern zone of Guayaquil city during Monday 7th to Friday 11th march in 2016 in 9 study points, vehicle traffic flow was counted. Field research took place in a day-shift considered highly road traffic used from 7 am to 9 am daytime, from 12 pm to 14 pm midday, from 17 pm to 19 pm evening. A data logger sound meter type 2, an acoustic calibrator and a tripod were necessary were necessary. Noise mapping was developed in ARCGIS software, a geographical information system showing an elevated pollution in daytime shift being the most affected with noise levels between 71.8 to 73.9 dBA and the less affected site was the point 7 with noise levels from 66.8 to 68.3 dBA exceeding minimum noise levels suggested by the World Health Organization. Statistical analysis was realized using Minitab, showing the influence of light vehicles with the noise levels got in field research. This noise levels were mostly consequence of traffic road, incorrectly use of horn and nearby sale stores existing in area. This document suppose the very first bibliographical reference about environmental acoustic quality of the studied area, included flow traffic and the presentation of noise maps that will be an important didactic guideline. Recommendations and suggestions to reduce environmental noise pollution were also made.
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CONTAMINACION ACUSTICA, MAPAS DE RUIDO, ANÁLISIS ESTADISTICO, FLUJO VEHICULAR