Trastornos hipertensivos en el embarazo adolescente Hospital León Becerra de Milagro
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Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La hipertensión inducida por el embarazo se presenta en el 6-10% de los embarazos siendo la presión arterial sistólica >140 mmHg y presión arterial diastólica > 90 mmHg, siendo leve (sistólica 140-149 y diastólica 90-99 mmHg), moderada (sistólica 150-159 y diastólica 100-109 mmHg) y grave (sistólica ≥ 160 y diastólica ≥ 110 mmHg). Se considera una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad materna, fetal y neonatal, por el mayor riesgo de desprendimiento prematuro de placenta, eventos cerebrovasculares, insuficiencia orgánica y coagulación intravascular diseminada; y los fetos presentan retraso del crecimiento intrauterino, prematuras y muerte intrauterina. Se sabe que la nutrición materna durante el embarazo tiene un efecto sobre el crecimiento y el desarrollo del feto y mejora los niveles tensionales. Los niveles de calcio (Ca2 +) y magnesio (Mg2 +) en el embarazo pueden implicar su posible papel en la hipertensión inducida por el embarazo. En ecuador a pesar de existir directrices sobre el uso de carbonato de calcio como protocolo en toda mujer embaraza, no se han publicado datos sobre el beneficio de este suplemento en la hipertensión inducida por la gestación
Resultados: En nuestro trabajo, mediante un análisis descriptivo observacional indirecto se determinó que de 235 mujeres entre 15 y 25 años con promedio de edad de 22 años, el 18% presento hipertensión gestacional y de ellas 34 pacientes no tenían apego al carbonato de calcio, mostrando una asociación de 8.3 x 10-6 (p: 0.001) y riesgo relativo de presentar hipertensión gestacional al no consumir calcio como 25.3; mostrando el calcio como un factor protector en nuestra población
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Palabras Claves: embarazo, trastornos hipertensivos, hipertensión gestacional
The hypertension induced by pregnancy occurs in 6-10% of pregnancies, with systolic blood pressure> 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure> 90 mmHg. Being mild (systolic 140-149 and diastolic 90-99 mmHg), moderate (systolic 150-159 and diastolic 100-109 mmHg) and severe (systolic ≥ 160 and diastolic ≥ 110 mmHg). It is considered an important cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, with an increased risk of placental abruption, cerebrovascular events, organ failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation; and the fetuses have intrauterine growth retardation, premature and intrauterine death. It is known that maternal nutrition during pregnancy has an effect on the growth and development of the fetus and improves blood pressure levels. The levels of calcium (Ca2 +) and magnesium (Mg2 +) in pregnancy may imply its possible role in pregnancy-induced hypertension. In Ecuador, although there are guidelines on the use of calcium carbonate as a protocol in all pregnant women, no data have been published on the benefit of this supplement in pregnancy-induced hypertension; Our work through an indirect observational descriptive analysis determined that of 235 women between 15 and 25 years old with an average age of 22 years, 18% had gestational hypertension and of these 34 patients had no attachment to calcium carbonate, showing an association of 8.3 x 10-6 (p: 0.001) and relative risk of presenting gestational hypertension when not consuming calcium as 25.3; showing calcium as a protective factor in our population
The hypertension induced by pregnancy occurs in 6-10% of pregnancies, with systolic blood pressure> 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure> 90 mmHg. Being mild (systolic 140-149 and diastolic 90-99 mmHg), moderate (systolic 150-159 and diastolic 100-109 mmHg) and severe (systolic ≥ 160 and diastolic ≥ 110 mmHg). It is considered an important cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, with an increased risk of placental abruption, cerebrovascular events, organ failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation; and the fetuses have intrauterine growth retardation, premature and intrauterine death. It is known that maternal nutrition during pregnancy has an effect on the growth and development of the fetus and improves blood pressure levels. The levels of calcium (Ca2 +) and magnesium (Mg2 +) in pregnancy may imply its possible role in pregnancy-induced hypertension. In Ecuador, although there are guidelines on the use of calcium carbonate as a protocol in all pregnant women, no data have been published on the benefit of this supplement in pregnancy-induced hypertension; Our work through an indirect observational descriptive analysis determined that of 235 women between 15 and 25 years old with an average age of 22 years, 18% had gestational hypertension and of these 34 patients had no attachment to calcium carbonate, showing an association of 8.3 x 10-6 (p: 0.001) and relative risk of presenting gestational hypertension when not consuming calcium as 25.3; showing calcium as a protective factor in our population
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Hipertensión inducida en el embarazo, Hospital General Dr. León Becerra Camacho, Cantón Milagro, Ecuador