Factores de riesgo en la bronquiolitis aguda de pacientes ingresados en el período 2014-2015 en el Hospital Universitario
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La bronquiolitis aguda es una de las enfermedades respiratorias de mayor impacto y más frecuentes en el lactante menor. Se define como una infección de las vías respiratorias bajas que genera un número importante de hospitalizaciones en niños menores a 2 años. Objetivos: Determinar mediante un estudio observacional indirecto los factores de riesgo medioambientales asociados a la presencia y severidad de bronquiolitis, mediante un estudio observacional indirecto, en niños de 1 a 24 meses atendidos en Hospital universitario durante el periodo 2014-2015. Para disminuir la tasa de incidencia de dicha enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo en que se analizaron las historias clínicas de pacientes que ingresaron al hospital universitario con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión .La muestra quedó constituida por 110 pacientes. Resultados Los pacientes más afectados fueron el grupo etario conformado entre 0-6 meses de edad con un 76%, el sexo más afectado fue el masculino, con 71%, solo el 21% proviene de zonas rurales, el 100% presentaron al menos un factor de riesgo, el 55% no estuvieron a exposición materna durante los primeros 6 meses de vida, el 51% no presentaron las vacunas completas, el 44% de los pacientes Vivian en hacinamiento, los pacientes que presentaron exposición al humo del tabaco fue el 67%, el 61% fueron prematuros al momento de su nacimiento. Conclusión: Como resultado del trabajo de investigación se llegó a la conclusión que la bronquiolitis es más frecuente en niños menores de 24 meses teniendo mayor prevalencia sobre el sexo masculino. Dentro de los factores de riesgo modificables descritos. La exposición al humo del tabaco y la no exposición materna durante los primeros 6 meses resultan ser los de mayor prevalencia dentro de todos los factores de riesgos estudiados que pueden llegarse a modificar educando al paciente sobre dicha enfermedad
Acute bronchiolitis is one of the respiratory diseases of greatest impact and most frequent in the younger infant. It is defined as an infection of the lower respiratory tract that generates a significant number of hospitalizations in children under 2 years. Objectives: To determine, by means of an indirect observational study, the environmental risk factors associated with the presence and severity of bronchiolitis, by means of an indirect observational study, in children from 1 to 24 months attended in the University Hospital during the 2014-2015 period. To decrease the incidence rate of said disease. Materials and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study in which the clinical histories of patients admitted to the university hospital diagnosed with bronchiolitis were analyzed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The sample consisted of 110 patients. Results The most affected patients were the age group formed between 0-6 months of age with 76%, the sex most affected was the male, with 71%, only 21% comes from rural areas, 100% presented at least one risk factor, 55% were not at maternal exposure during the first 6 months of life, 51% did not present complete vaccines, 44% of patients lived in overcrowding, patients who presented exposure to tobacco smoke was the 67%, 61% were premature at the time of birth. Conclusion: As a result of the research work, it was concluded that bronchiolitis is more frequent in children under 24 months, having a higher prevalence over males. Within the modifiable risk factors described. Exposure to tobacco smoke and maternal exposure during the first 6 months are the most prevalent among all the risk factors studied that can be modified by educating the patient about said disease
Acute bronchiolitis is one of the respiratory diseases of greatest impact and most frequent in the younger infant. It is defined as an infection of the lower respiratory tract that generates a significant number of hospitalizations in children under 2 years. Objectives: To determine, by means of an indirect observational study, the environmental risk factors associated with the presence and severity of bronchiolitis, by means of an indirect observational study, in children from 1 to 24 months attended in the University Hospital during the 2014-2015 period. To decrease the incidence rate of said disease. Materials and methods: Retrospective and descriptive study in which the clinical histories of patients admitted to the university hospital diagnosed with bronchiolitis were analyzed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The sample consisted of 110 patients. Results The most affected patients were the age group formed between 0-6 months of age with 76%, the sex most affected was the male, with 71%, only 21% comes from rural areas, 100% presented at least one risk factor, 55% were not at maternal exposure during the first 6 months of life, 51% did not present complete vaccines, 44% of patients lived in overcrowding, patients who presented exposure to tobacco smoke was the 67%, 61% were premature at the time of birth. Conclusion: As a result of the research work, it was concluded that bronchiolitis is more frequent in children under 24 months, having a higher prevalence over males. Within the modifiable risk factors described. Exposure to tobacco smoke and maternal exposure during the first 6 months are the most prevalent among all the risk factors studied that can be modified by educating the patient about said disease
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Bronquiolitis, Factores de riesgo, Estudios retrospectivos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Pediatría, Infecciones del sistema respiratorio