Factores epidemiológicos en embarazadas con ruptura prematura de membranas en el Servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital Martín Icaza entre 2015-2016
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La RPMP es la solución de continuidad o pérdida de la integridad de las membranas corioamnióticas que se producen desde las 20 semanas de gestación hasta antes del inicio del trabajo de parto. Se denomina ruptura prematura de membranas prolongada cuando tiene una duración mayor de 24 horas. El periodo de latencia se refiere al tiempo que transcurre entre la ruptura de las membranas y el inicio del trabajo de parto. Por lo tanto el periodo de latencia y la edad gestacional determinan el pronóstico y el manejo de acuerdo a la posibilidad o no de terminación del embarazo. La ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM) se produce en el 10% de las gestaciones, y la ruptura prematura de membranas pretérmino (RPMP) ocurre en el 3% y se asocian a un 30-40% de los casos de prematuridad. (publica, 2015)
El siguiente estudio consiste en determinar las causas y prevalencia que influyen en la ruptura prematura de membranas y que dicha patología causa productos pretérmino, en el área de Gineco-obstetricia del hospital general Martin Icaza, desde el año 2015 hasta el año 2016, mediante un estudio descriptivo, observacional, de carácter retrospectivo y transversal.
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En el estudio se incluirán pacientes con embarazos mayor a 28 semanas de gestación, con productos vivos y evidencia clínica de ruptura prematura de membranas.
El universo estará comprendida por los nacidos vivos en el periodo de estudio.
Resultados: Los probables factores de riesgo de RPM en los casos, la mayore prevalencia fue el antecedente de infeccion de vias urinarias en gestantes menores a 20 semanas, con un 16%, leucorrea en gestantes menores a 20 semanas con 11,8%. Otro antecedente es anemia con 11.1%, RPM 8% y antecedente de parto pretermino 7.2%.
Conclusion: La mayor incidencia se da en mujeres multiparas, con 80.4% y el numero de controles prenatales menor a 4, son factores desencadentas de RPMP.
RPMP is the solution of continuity or loss of integrity of the chorioamniotic membranes that occur from the 20 weeks of gestation until before the beginning of labor. It is called premature rupture of membranes when it lasts longer than 24 hours. The latency period refers to the time that elapses between the rupture of the membranes and the beginning of labor. Therefore the latency period and gestational age determine the prognosis and the management according to the possibility or not of termination of the pregnancy. Premature rupture of membranes (RPM) occurs in 10% of pregnancies, and premature rupture of membranes (RPMP) occurs in 3% and are associated with 30-40% of cases of prematurity The following study consists of determining the causes and prevalence that influence the premature rupture of membranes and that this pathology causes preterm products in the area of Gineco-obstetrics of the general hospital Martin Icaza, from 2015 to 2016, by means of a Descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study The study will include patients with pregnancies greater than 28 weeks' gestation, with live products and clinical evidence of premature rupture of membranes. The universe will be comprised of live births in the study period Results: The most prevalent risk factors for RPM were the history of urinary tract infection in pregnant women younger than 20 weeks, with 16%, and leukorrhea in pregnant women less than 20 weeks old, with 11.8%. Another XXII antecedent is anemia with 11.1%, RPM 8% and antecedent of preterm birth 7.2%. Conclusion: The highest incidence occurs in multiparous women, with 80.4% and the number of prenatal controls less than 4, are triggers of RPMP.
RPMP is the solution of continuity or loss of integrity of the chorioamniotic membranes that occur from the 20 weeks of gestation until before the beginning of labor. It is called premature rupture of membranes when it lasts longer than 24 hours. The latency period refers to the time that elapses between the rupture of the membranes and the beginning of labor. Therefore the latency period and gestational age determine the prognosis and the management according to the possibility or not of termination of the pregnancy. Premature rupture of membranes (RPM) occurs in 10% of pregnancies, and premature rupture of membranes (RPMP) occurs in 3% and are associated with 30-40% of cases of prematurity The following study consists of determining the causes and prevalence that influence the premature rupture of membranes and that this pathology causes preterm products in the area of Gineco-obstetrics of the general hospital Martin Icaza, from 2015 to 2016, by means of a Descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study The study will include patients with pregnancies greater than 28 weeks' gestation, with live products and clinical evidence of premature rupture of membranes. The universe will be comprised of live births in the study period Results: The most prevalent risk factors for RPM were the history of urinary tract infection in pregnant women younger than 20 weeks, with 16%, and leukorrhea in pregnant women less than 20 weeks old, with 11.8%. Another XXII antecedent is anemia with 11.1%, RPM 8% and antecedent of preterm birth 7.2%. Conclusion: The highest incidence occurs in multiparous women, with 80.4% and the number of prenatal controls less than 4, are triggers of RPMP.
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MUJERES EMBARAZADAS, ROTURA PREMATURA DE MEMBRANAS FETALES, TRABAJO DE PARTO PREMATURO, FACTORES EPIDEMIOLOGICOS, HOSPITAL GENERAL MARTIN ICAZA, CANTON BABAHOYO, ECUADOR, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS