Correlación de delirios, alucinaciones y conductas violentas en pacientes con esquizofrenia
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Fecha
2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Antecedentes: La esquizofrenia es uno de los trastornos mentales más graves con expectativa
de vida excepcionalmente corta, caracterizada por presencia de alucinaciones, delirios y en
algunos casos conductas violentas. Objetivo: Determina la existencia de asociación entre la
presencia de delirios y alucinaciones con conductas violentas en pacientes con esquizofrenia.
Metodología: Estudio de tipo caso control, en el que se analizó pacientes con esquizofrenia
atendidos en el Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil-Ecuador entre el 1 de enero al 31
de diciembre de 2018. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos en los que fue posible acceder al
expediente clínico, con historia clínica completa, se excluyeron aquellos con antecedentes
de trauma cráneo-encefálico o neurocirugía y pacientes consumidores de drogas. Se
incorporaron de manera no probabilística 196 pacientes con conductas violentas y 52 sin
esta. Resultados: La presencia de delirios fue mayor entre los grupos de pacientes con
conductas violentas que entre las que no lo tuvieron lo que represento una diferencia
estadística (83,2% vs 53,8%; P 0,000 corregido 0,004; OR 4,234; IC95% 2,186 – 8,202), la
presencia de alucinaciones entre los grupos fue igual por lo que no se asoció estadísticamente
significativamente (67,3% vs 67,3%; P 0,996). La edad de los pacientes difirió levemente
entre los pacientes que presentaron conducta violenta y entre los que no (38,02 ± 12,68 vs
32,71 ± 12,17; P 0,007) pero el análisis multivariado no encontró que este factor influyera
con el evento de conducta violenta (P 0,745). Conclusiones Los delirios influyen en el
desarrollo de conductas violentas en pacientes con esquizofrenia.
Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental disorders with exceptionally short life expectancy, characterized by the presence of hallucinations, delusions and in some cases violent behaviors. Objective: It determines the existence of association between the presence of delusions and hallucinations with violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia. Methodology: Control case study, in which patients with schizophrenia treated at the Neurosciences Institute of Guayaquil-Ecuador between January 1 and December 31, 2018 were analyzed. Adult patients were included in which it was possible to access the clinical record. With a complete clinical history, those with a history of cranioencephalic trauma or neurosurgery and patients who use drugs were excluded. 196 patients with violent behavior and 52 without it were incorporated in a non-probabilistic manner. Results: The presence of delusions was greater among the groups of patients with violent behavior than among those who did not, which represented a statistical difference (83.2% vs. 53.8%, P 0,000 corrected 0.004, OR 4.234, 95% CI 2.186). 8,202), the presence of hallucinations between the groups was the same, so it was not statistically significantly associated (67.3% vs 67.3%, P 0.996). The age of the patients differed slightly between the patients who presented violent behavior and those who did not (38.02 ± 12.68 vs 32.71 ± 12.17, P 0.007) but the multivariate analysis did not find that this factor influenced the violent behavior event (P 0.745). Conclusions: Delusions influence the development of violent behaviors in patients with schizophrenia.
Background: Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental disorders with exceptionally short life expectancy, characterized by the presence of hallucinations, delusions and in some cases violent behaviors. Objective: It determines the existence of association between the presence of delusions and hallucinations with violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia. Methodology: Control case study, in which patients with schizophrenia treated at the Neurosciences Institute of Guayaquil-Ecuador between January 1 and December 31, 2018 were analyzed. Adult patients were included in which it was possible to access the clinical record. With a complete clinical history, those with a history of cranioencephalic trauma or neurosurgery and patients who use drugs were excluded. 196 patients with violent behavior and 52 without it were incorporated in a non-probabilistic manner. Results: The presence of delusions was greater among the groups of patients with violent behavior than among those who did not, which represented a statistical difference (83.2% vs. 53.8%, P 0,000 corrected 0.004, OR 4.234, 95% CI 2.186). 8,202), the presence of hallucinations between the groups was the same, so it was not statistically significantly associated (67.3% vs 67.3%, P 0.996). The age of the patients differed slightly between the patients who presented violent behavior and those who did not (38.02 ± 12.68 vs 32.71 ± 12.17, P 0.007) but the multivariate analysis did not find that this factor influenced the violent behavior event (P 0.745). Conclusions: Delusions influence the development of violent behaviors in patients with schizophrenia.
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Esquizofrenia, Delirios, Alucinaciones, Conductas violentas, Instituto de Neurociencias, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador