Productividad de Aedes Aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) (Linnaeus, 1762) en contenedores artificiales en la ciudad de Guayaquil (Guayas - Ecuador)
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2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Aedes aegypti es considerado en todo el mundo como el principal vector de varias enfermedades como el dengue, el zika y chickungunya. La presencia de este mosquito en zonas urbanas se debe a la gran capacidad que tiene para utilizar como criaderos artificiales, los reservorios de agua que se encuentran comúnmente en las casas.
Con el objetivo de determinar lo contenedores con mayor productividad de A.aegypti en la ciudad de Guayaquil, se recolectó datos mediante muestreo sistemático durante los años del 2013 al 2015, a razón de 250 casas por cada subcircuito. Se tomó datos sobre el tipo de material del contenedor, número de individuos y factores externos como la época, la zona y la ubicación donde se encontró los contenedores positivos. Se comprobó la normalidad mediante la prueba de Ryan-Joiner y para verificar la diferencia de la productividad en los contenedores, se utilizó ANOVA de una vía.
Se determinó que los tipos de contenedores artificiales más productivos son los de tamaño grande y mediano, constituidos de material de plástico, metal, caucho y cemento.
La relación de la productividad con los factores externos (lluvia, zona y ubicación) no fue significativa (P > 0,05). Durante los tres años de muestreo, la productividad decreció significativamente (P = 0,016) como efecto de la eliminación de contenedores artificiales como las llantas debido a un cambio en la legislación sobre su disposición final.
Con los datos obtenidos se elaboró un listado de los contenedores con mayor productividad y los factores externos que los influencian, para utilizarlos como base en control vectorial priorizando la eliminación de los contenedores más productivos.
Aedes aegypti is considered worldwide and the main vector of several diseases such as dengue, zika and chickungunya. This mosquito’s presence in urban areas is due to its high capacity to utilize water reservoirs commonly found in houses, as artificial breeding centers. With the objective of determining the containers with higher productivity for the A.aegypti in the city of Guayaquil, data was collected through a systematic sampling from 2013 to 2015, totaling 250 houses per sub-circuit. Containers’ material information was collected, amount of individuals found and external factors such as season, zone and location where the positive containers were found were taken in consideration. To test the normality, the Ryan-Joiner method was used and in order to verify the productivity difference in the containers, one way ANOVA was utilized. It was concluded that the most productive type of artificial containers were the big and medium size ones, made of materials such as plastic, metal, rubber and cement. The relationship of productivity with external factors (rain, zone and location) was not significant (P > 0,05) during the three years of sampling, productivity decreased significantly (P = 0,016) as a result of the removal of artificial containers such as rites due to a change in the legislation regarding their final disposal. With the obtained data, a list of high productivity containers and influential external factors was elaborated, to use them as a base for vector control, prioritizing the elimination of the high productivity containers.
Aedes aegypti is considered worldwide and the main vector of several diseases such as dengue, zika and chickungunya. This mosquito’s presence in urban areas is due to its high capacity to utilize water reservoirs commonly found in houses, as artificial breeding centers. With the objective of determining the containers with higher productivity for the A.aegypti in the city of Guayaquil, data was collected through a systematic sampling from 2013 to 2015, totaling 250 houses per sub-circuit. Containers’ material information was collected, amount of individuals found and external factors such as season, zone and location where the positive containers were found were taken in consideration. To test the normality, the Ryan-Joiner method was used and in order to verify the productivity difference in the containers, one way ANOVA was utilized. It was concluded that the most productive type of artificial containers were the big and medium size ones, made of materials such as plastic, metal, rubber and cement. The relationship of productivity with external factors (rain, zone and location) was not significant (P > 0,05) during the three years of sampling, productivity decreased significantly (P = 0,016) as a result of the removal of artificial containers such as rites due to a change in the legislation regarding their final disposal. With the obtained data, a list of high productivity containers and influential external factors was elaborated, to use them as a base for vector control, prioritizing the elimination of the high productivity containers.
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Palabras clave
AEDES AEGYPTI, CONTENEDORES, CONTROL VECTORIAL, PRODUCTIVIDAD