Biosólidos provenientes de aguas residuales de una procesadora de pescado aplicados al Cultivo de Maíz (Zea mayz var. INIAP-528) en la Provincia de Manabí
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2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
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El presente estudio tuvo como propósito, determinar el efecto de lodos residuales estabilizados, sobre las principales variables fenotípicas y el rendimiento de la variedad de maíz blanco INIAP 528, para contribuir al uso de los lodos residuales como un fertilizante natural alternativo en la agricultura. Sus objetivos específicos fueron: Evaluar el efecto de los diferentes tratamientos, sobre las principales variables fenotípicas del maíz. Evaluar el rendimiento productivo del maíz en su estado Reproductivo R3 (estado lechoso) frente a los tratamientos aplicados y determinar las características químicas de los Biosólidos y del suelo de cultivo mediante análisis de laboratorio. El experimento se efectuó en la comunidad Maconta del cantón Portoviejo. Se emplearon cinco tratamientos que fueron los siguientes: 100% Urea + 0% Biosólido, 70% Urea+30% Biosólidos, 30% Urea + 70% Biosólido, 0% Urea + 100% Biosólido, y el Testigo Absoluto sin Biosólido y sin Urea. Los datos se analizaron mediante el diseño experimental de Bloques Completos al Azar con tres repeticiones. Las variables analizadas fueron: altura de planta, número de hojas, diámetro de tallo, ramificaciones de la espiga, diámetro de la mazorca, longitud de la mazorca y peso de la mazorca en estado lechoso. Se concluyó que la hipótesis del presente trabajo se cumple, es decir que los Biosólidos aplicados como abono orgánico solos y combinados, tienen efectos positivos sobre el desarrollo y rendimiento del maíz (Zea mayz var. Iniap-528). Los Biosólidos en combinación con urea, mostraron efectos positivos en las variables, altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, longitud de la mazorca, diámetro de la mazorca y peso de la mazorca en estado lechoso, mientras que en las variables número de hojas y ramificaciones de la espiga no presentaron diferencia estadística. El testigo presentó los más bajos promedios en todas las variables sujetas de estudio. El tratamiento que presento la mayor significancia estadística, resultó cuando se combinó el Biosólido al 70 % más Urea al 30%. El análisis químico determinó la presencia de materia orgánica, macro y micro elementos en concentraciones adecuadas. La presencia de metales pesados, Cadmio, Plomo y Mercurio, estuvo en concentraciones que no rebasaron los límites permisibles de la EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Finalmente, que el uso de Biosólido en el campo agrícola, puede ser una alternativa de gestión al problema ambiental que genera la inadecuada disposición de los lodos residuales.
The present study was aimed to determine the effect of stabilized sludge, on the main phenotypic variables and performance of the white variety INIAP 528, to contribute to the use of sewage sludge as an alternative natural fertilizer in agriculture. Its specific objectives were to evaluate the effect of different treatments on the main phenotypic variables of corn. Evaluate the yield of corn in its reproductive stage R3 (milk stage) versus the applied treatments and determine the chemical characteristics of Biosolids and soil cultivation by laboratory analysis. The experiment was conducted in the canton Portoviejo Maconta community. Five treatments were the following were used: 100 % Urea + 0 % Biosolids, 70 % Urea + 30 % Biosolids, 30 % urea + 70 % Biosolids, 0 % Urea + 100 % Biosolids, and the absolute control without Biosolids without Urea. The data were analyzed using the experimental design of randomized complete block design with three replications. The variables analyzed were: plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, branches of the ear, ear diameter, ear length and yield in milk stage. It was concluded that the hypothesis of this paper is met, ie biosolids applied as organic fertilizer alone and combined, have positive effects on growth and yield of maize (Zea maize var. Iniap -528). Biosolids in combination with urea, showed positive effects on variables, plant height, stem diameter, ear length, diameter of the cob and yield in milk stage, while the variable number of leaves and branches of the spike They showed no statistical difference. The witness showed the lowest averages in every subject of study variables. The treatment showed the highest statistical significance, was when the Biosolids combined 70 % from 30% Urea. The chemical analysis determined the presence of organic matter, macro and microelements in adequate concentrations. The presence of heavy metals, cadmium, lead and mercury, was in concentrations did not exceed the permissible limits of the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Finally, the use of biosolids in agriculture can be an alternative to environmental management problem generated by the improper disposal of sewage sludge.
The present study was aimed to determine the effect of stabilized sludge, on the main phenotypic variables and performance of the white variety INIAP 528, to contribute to the use of sewage sludge as an alternative natural fertilizer in agriculture. Its specific objectives were to evaluate the effect of different treatments on the main phenotypic variables of corn. Evaluate the yield of corn in its reproductive stage R3 (milk stage) versus the applied treatments and determine the chemical characteristics of Biosolids and soil cultivation by laboratory analysis. The experiment was conducted in the canton Portoviejo Maconta community. Five treatments were the following were used: 100 % Urea + 0 % Biosolids, 70 % Urea + 30 % Biosolids, 30 % urea + 70 % Biosolids, 0 % Urea + 100 % Biosolids, and the absolute control without Biosolids without Urea. The data were analyzed using the experimental design of randomized complete block design with three replications. The variables analyzed were: plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, branches of the ear, ear diameter, ear length and yield in milk stage. It was concluded that the hypothesis of this paper is met, ie biosolids applied as organic fertilizer alone and combined, have positive effects on growth and yield of maize (Zea maize var. Iniap -528). Biosolids in combination with urea, showed positive effects on variables, plant height, stem diameter, ear length, diameter of the cob and yield in milk stage, while the variable number of leaves and branches of the spike They showed no statistical difference. The witness showed the lowest averages in every subject of study variables. The treatment showed the highest statistical significance, was when the Biosolids combined 70 % from 30% Urea. The chemical analysis determined the presence of organic matter, macro and microelements in adequate concentrations. The presence of heavy metals, cadmium, lead and mercury, was in concentrations did not exceed the permissible limits of the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Finally, the use of biosolids in agriculture can be an alternative to environmental management problem generated by the improper disposal of sewage sludge.
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BIOSÓLIDOS, LODOS RESIDUALES, METALES PESADOS, ESTABILIZACIÓN