Consecuencias de la anestesia subaracnoidea en cesáreas en adolescentes, atendidas en el Hospital de Balzar
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Antecedentes. En la actualidad se considera que las anestesias regionales, Peridural y Subaracnoidea son las técnicas más utilizadas para la operación de cesárea en mujeres sanas, siendo estas técnicas más seguras que la anestesia general para la madre y para el neonato. Objetivo. Determinar las consecuencias de la anestesia subaracnoidea en cesáreas en adolescentes, atendidas en el hospital de “Balzar”, en el período de Enero - Junio del 2016. Metodología. Enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, tipo descriptivo analítico, de corte transversal en 33 gestantes adolescentes. Resultados. Mayormente fueron de 17 años con 24,24%, pero existen gestantes entre 14 a 19 años, mayormente son adolescentes tardías (17 a 19 años) con 63,64% y de adolescencia intermedia (14 a 16 años) 36,36%. El número de cesáreas fueron de primera cesárea 54,55%, segunda cesárea 45,45%. Se tuvo en la primera punción 75,76%, seguida de dos punciones 21,21% y de tres punciones 3,03%; la dosis del fármaco aplicado (bupivacaína) se tuvo que 20 mg. aplicaron al 96,97% de las pacientes. De acuerdo a los efectos colaterales pospunción se obtuvo que la cefalea tuviera el 30,30%, nausea 78,79%, vómito 54,55%, e hipotensión grave cuando la presión sistólica está por debajo de 70 mm Hg con el 45,45%, seguido de hipotensión leve con el 27,27% cuando la presión sistólica está entre 70 a 80 mm Hg. Conclusiones: Se demostró que existen efectos colaterales en las gestantes adolescentes de etapa tardía presentan hipotensión arterial grave; asimismo presentan nausea, vómito y cefalea pospunción
Background. Regional, epidural and subarachnoid anesthesia are currently considered the most used techniques for cesarean operation in healthy women, and these techniques are safer than general anesthesia for the mother and the newborn. Objective. To determine the consequences of subarachnoid anesthesia in cesarean sections in adolescents, attended at "Balzar" hospital, in the period January - June, 2016. Methodology. Quantitative approach, nonexperimental design, cross-sectional, descriptive type in 33 adolescents. Results. They were mostly 17 years of age with 24,24%, but there are pregnant women between the ages of 14 and 19, most of them are late adolescents (17 to 19 years old) with 63,64% and intermediate adolescents (14 to 16 years) 36,36%. The number of cesarean sections was first cesarean 54,55%, second cesarean 45,45%. The first puncture was 75,76%, followed by two punctures 21,21% and three punctures 3,03%; the dose of the drug applied (bupivacaine) was 20 mg. applied to 96.97% of the patients. According to the postpunctional side effects, the headache had 30,30%, nausea 78,79%, vomiting 54,55%, and severe hypotension when the systolic pressure is below 70 mm Hg with 45,45 %, followed by mild hypotension with 27,27% when systolic pressure is between 70 and 80 mm Hg. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that there are side effects in pregnant adolescents of late stage present severe hypotension; they also present nausea, vomiting and postpunctional headache.
Background. Regional, epidural and subarachnoid anesthesia are currently considered the most used techniques for cesarean operation in healthy women, and these techniques are safer than general anesthesia for the mother and the newborn. Objective. To determine the consequences of subarachnoid anesthesia in cesarean sections in adolescents, attended at "Balzar" hospital, in the period January - June, 2016. Methodology. Quantitative approach, nonexperimental design, cross-sectional, descriptive type in 33 adolescents. Results. They were mostly 17 years of age with 24,24%, but there are pregnant women between the ages of 14 and 19, most of them are late adolescents (17 to 19 years old) with 63,64% and intermediate adolescents (14 to 16 years) 36,36%. The number of cesarean sections was first cesarean 54,55%, second cesarean 45,45%. The first puncture was 75,76%, followed by two punctures 21,21% and three punctures 3,03%; the dose of the drug applied (bupivacaine) was 20 mg. applied to 96.97% of the patients. According to the postpunctional side effects, the headache had 30,30%, nausea 78,79%, vomiting 54,55%, and severe hypotension when the systolic pressure is below 70 mm Hg with 45,45 %, followed by mild hypotension with 27,27% when systolic pressure is between 70 and 80 mm Hg. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that there are side effects in pregnant adolescents of late stage present severe hypotension; they also present nausea, vomiting and postpunctional headache.
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Cesárea, Anestesia subaracnoidea, Epidemiología descriptiva, Epidemiología analítica, Hospital Básico Balzar, Cantón Balzar, Ecuador