Utilidad de reacción cadena polimerasa en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis, Hospital Alfredo J. Valenzuela
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa con un tratamiento antibiótico efectivo
desde la década de los 70, considerada una emergencia en salud pública a nivel mundial, con
el fin de fortalecer esfuerzos dirigidos al control, a pesar de los esfuerzos internacionales en
los últimos tiempos se sigue considerando amenaza por mutaciones de bacteria y el
surgimiento de tuberculosis multidrogorresistente con el objetivo de “Determinar la utilidad
de la prueba reacción de cadena de polimerasa en pacientes con baciloscopia positiva en la
sala de varones del Hospital Alfredo J. Valenzuela en el período enero – septiembre 2016”.
El proyecto de investigación es descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional
relacionando la utilidad de la prueba reacción de polimerasa con la detección a tiempo de la
tuberculosis basado en la recopilación estadística de los pacientes (213) con baciloscopia
positiva, los resultados de la investigación demuestran que no se realizó la prueba al 48%
(101) de los pacientes por falta de cartuchos o materiales para la prueba, Del 52% de
muestras (112), que se implementó el PCR , 8 muestras fueron invalidas obteniendo 104
casos de aplicación donde se demuestra una utilidad de la prueba del 95% de casos con 83%
detectado sensibles a la rifampicina , 11% detectados resistente a la rifampicina, y el 5% es
Tb no detectado, además se demuestra la relación existente entre la prueba GeneXpert PCR y
la morbilidad de pacientes concluyendo la utilidad para el diagnóstico oportuno de la
Tuberculosis haciendo necesaria una propuesta de plan de acción priorizando la capacitación
de médicos y laboratoristas para optimizar recursos, y triangular con las acciones realizadas
en otras entidades de salud garantizando la disminución de la morbi- mortalidad y de casos
por contagio.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with effective antibiotic treatment since the 70's, considered a public health emergency worldwide, in order to strengthen efforts directed to control, despite the international efforts of recent times considering the threat of bacterial mutations and the emergence of multidrug - resistant tuberculosis with the objective of "To determine the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction test in patients with positive bacilloscopy in the male room of the Hospital Alfredo J. Valenzuela in the period January - September 2016 ". The research project is descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational correlating the utility of the polymerase reaction test with the timely detection of tuberculosis based on the statistical collection of patients (213) with positive smear microscopy, the results of the research show that the test was not performed at 48% (101) of patients due to lack of cartridges or test materials. Of 52% of samples (112), PCR was implemented, 8 samples were invalid, obtaining 104 application cases where a 95% test utility was shown with 83% detected rifampicin sensitive, 11% detected rifampicin resistant, and 5% was undetected Tb, in addition it demonstrated the relationship between the GeneXpert PCR test and the morbidity of patients concluding the usefulness for the timely diagnosis of Tuberculosis making a proposal of action plan necessary prioritizing the training of doctors and laboratories to optimize resources, and to triangulate with the actions carried out in other health entities, guaranteeing the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to contagion.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with effective antibiotic treatment since the 70's, considered a public health emergency worldwide, in order to strengthen efforts directed to control, despite the international efforts of recent times considering the threat of bacterial mutations and the emergence of multidrug - resistant tuberculosis with the objective of "To determine the usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction test in patients with positive bacilloscopy in the male room of the Hospital Alfredo J. Valenzuela in the period January - September 2016 ". The research project is descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational correlating the utility of the polymerase reaction test with the timely detection of tuberculosis based on the statistical collection of patients (213) with positive smear microscopy, the results of the research show that the test was not performed at 48% (101) of patients due to lack of cartridges or test materials. Of 52% of samples (112), PCR was implemented, 8 samples were invalid, obtaining 104 application cases where a 95% test utility was shown with 83% detected rifampicin sensitive, 11% detected rifampicin resistant, and 5% was undetected Tb, in addition it demonstrated the relationship between the GeneXpert PCR test and the morbidity of patients concluding the usefulness for the timely diagnosis of Tuberculosis making a proposal of action plan necessary prioritizing the training of doctors and laboratories to optimize resources, and to triangulate with the actions carried out in other health entities, guaranteeing the reduction of morbidity and mortality due to contagion.
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Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, Tuberculosis, Diagnóstico, Epidemiologia descriptiva, Hospital Neumológico Dr. Alfredo J. Valenzuela, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador