Complicaciones graves de la enfermedad diarreica aguda en niños menores de 5 años y propuesta de protocolo de atención de enfermería año 2013
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La diarrea es una enfermedad intestinal generalmente infecciosa y autolimitada, caracterizada por evacuaciones líquidas o disminuidas de consistencia y frecuentes, casi siempre en número mayor a tres en 24 horas con evolución menor de dos semanas. Las enfermedades diarreicas agudas constituyen un problema de salud en la comunidad que trae como consecuencia deshidratación y/o muerte por los malos hábitos alimenticios los que conllevan a problemas familiares por parte de los padres. Es importante en este cuadro tomar en cuenta la atención de enfermería, mediante la evaluación de la atención de enfermería para que el paciente pueda recuperarse rápidamente. El objetivo es proponer un protocolo de atención de enfermería en niños menores de cinco años con complicaciones de enfermedad diarreica aguda, en base a la incidencia, filiación, factores de riesgo, la calidad y calidez de atención de enfermería. Se utilizó la ficha clínica, encuesta interna y externa a pacientes, familiares, y personal de enfermería. El universo estuvo constituido por 115 pacientes que ingresaron al Área de Emergencia del Hospital Aníbal González Álava durante el periodo de la investigación y la muestra por 100 pacientes con enfermedades diarreicas agudas complicadas. La prevalencia de niños con diarreas y que estuvieron complicados fue en los meses de febrero, abril y junio en un 0,21, el género que predomino fue el sexo femenino en un 44% entre las edades comprendidas de 13 a 23 meses de edad, siendo procedencia urbana, el 37% presentaron de 4 a 6 veces diarrea y en un 28% emesis y el 65% presentaron hipertermia y el 55% de las madres, controlaron la fiebre, los mismos que fueron alimentado con leche materna en un 75%. Finalmente se presentó un protocolo de atención de enfermería en niños menores de cinco años con enfermedades diarreicas agudas en base a los resultados y se dará a conocer a las autoridades pertinentes para su aplicación
The diarrhea is a generally infectious intestinal illness and autolimitada, characterized by liquid or diminished evacuations of consistency and frequent, almost always in more number at three in 24 hours with evolution smaller than two weeks. The Illnesses Sharp Diarrheic constitutes a problem of health in the community that he/she results in dehydration y/o death for the bad nutritious habits what bears family problems on the part of the parents. It is important in this square to take into account the infirmary attention, by means of the evaluation of the infirmary attention so that the patient can recover quickly. The objective is to Propose a protocol of infirmary attention in children smaller than five years with complications of Illness Sharp Diarrheic, based on the incidence, filiation, factors of risk and the quality and warmth of infirmary attention. The clinical record was used, it interviews it interns and external to patient, family, and personal of infirmary. The universe was constituted by 115 patients that entered to the Area of Emergency of the Hospital Aníbal González Álava during the period of the investigation and the sample by 100 patients with illnesses complicated sharp Diarrheic. The prevalence of children with diarrheas and that they were complicated it was in the months of February, April and June in a 0,70, the gender that I prevail was the feminine sex in 44% among the ages understood de 13 to 23 months of age, being urban origin, 37% presented from 4 to 6 times diarrhea and in 25% emesis and 65% they presented hyperthermia and 55% of the mothers, they controlled the fever, the same ones that were fed with maternal milk in 75%. Finally a protocol of infirmary attention was presented in children smaller than five years with illnesses sharp diarrheic based on the results and it will be given to know to the pertinent authorities for its application
The diarrhea is a generally infectious intestinal illness and autolimitada, characterized by liquid or diminished evacuations of consistency and frequent, almost always in more number at three in 24 hours with evolution smaller than two weeks. The Illnesses Sharp Diarrheic constitutes a problem of health in the community that he/she results in dehydration y/o death for the bad nutritious habits what bears family problems on the part of the parents. It is important in this square to take into account the infirmary attention, by means of the evaluation of the infirmary attention so that the patient can recover quickly. The objective is to Propose a protocol of infirmary attention in children smaller than five years with complications of Illness Sharp Diarrheic, based on the incidence, filiation, factors of risk and the quality and warmth of infirmary attention. The clinical record was used, it interviews it interns and external to patient, family, and personal of infirmary. The universe was constituted by 115 patients that entered to the Area of Emergency of the Hospital Aníbal González Álava during the period of the investigation and the sample by 100 patients with illnesses complicated sharp Diarrheic. The prevalence of children with diarrheas and that they were complicated it was in the months of February, April and June in a 0,70, the gender that I prevail was the feminine sex in 44% among the ages understood de 13 to 23 months of age, being urban origin, 37% presented from 4 to 6 times diarrhea and in 25% emesis and 65% they presented hyperthermia and 55% of the mothers, they controlled the fever, the same ones that were fed with maternal milk in 75%. Finally a protocol of infirmary attention was presented in children smaller than five years with illnesses sharp diarrheic based on the results and it will be given to know to the pertinent authorities for its application
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DISENTERIA, PEDIATRIA, ATENSION DE ENFERMERIA, FACTORES DE RIESGO, PROTOCOLOS, HOSPITAL DR. ANIBAL GONZALEZ ALAVA, CANTON CALCETA, ECUADOR