Evaluación de consecuencias socio-económicas y ambientales sector urbano del cantón General Villamil Playas por amenaza de Tsunami con fuente histórica, Golfo de Guayaquil
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2017
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
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El estudio comprende la zona sur del borde costero del cantón General Villamil Playas hasta Data Villamil, un área de 229 Km2 . El paisaje es caracterizado por planicies aluviales y zonas de playas arenosas con altitudes entre 1 a 9 m.s.n.m.; este rasgo geomorfológico y el tipo de suelo saturado lo convierte en una zona propensa a daños por terremotos y tsunamis. En efecto, en el Golfo de Guayaquil se pueden generar sismos de subducción en el orden de 8 grados de magnitud y subsecuentes ondas anómalas de tsunami, los cuales impactarían la costa de General Villamil Playas entre 45 a 65 minutos, e inundaría la planicie costera 2 kilómetros tierra adentro (M. Ioualalen T. M.-Y., 2014). El estudio diagnostica las consecuencias que puede generar un impacto de tsunami en la zona vulnerable de General Villamil Playas, delimitando la zona de influencia, con enfoque social, económico y ambiental. Se elaboró un análisis estadístico a través de encuestas a los pobladores del área de influencia, que permitieron corroborar que menos del 40% conocen los riesgos que genera un tsunami, existe un escaso y preocupante nivel de preparación ante este fenómeno natural, y la elaboración de posibles rutas de evacuación para este evento cosísmico. Es necesario realizar campañas preventivas con un mensaje directo y de impacto las cuales pueden incluir zonas seguras en caso del siniestro, realizar talleres y distribución de trípticos en zonas estratégicas. Sistemas de alarmas en los dispositivos electrónicos para telecomunicaciones personales, pueden ayudar en la campañas preventivas con un mensaje directo y de impacto las cuales pueden incluir zonas seguras en caso del siniestro, realizar talleres y distribución de trípticos en zonas estratégicas. Sistemas de alarmas en los dispositivos electrónicos para telecomunicaciones personales, pueden ayudar en la etapa de mitigación a la población de General Villamil Playas, es decir llegan mensajes 2 segundos después de la generación del terremoto y aviso de un posible tsunami, permitiendo a los ciudadanos buscar sitios estructuralmente adecuados antes de la llegada de las ondas anómalas en el mar.
The study site includes dwellings settled in the south border from the town of canton General Villamil Playas to Data Villamil, an area of 229 km2. The landscapes are characterized by alluvian plains and of sandy beaches with altitudes between 1 to 9 meters above sea level; this geomorphological feature and the type of saturated soil (intergranular spaces filled with water) make it an area prone to damage by earthquakes and tsunamis. In effect, in the Guayaquil´s Gulf earthquakes of subduction can be generated in the order of 8 degrees of magnitude and subsequent anomalous waves of tsunami, which would impact the coast of General Villamil Playas between 45 to 65 minutes and the coastal plain, would flood between 1 to 2 km inland. The present study aims to diagnose the consequences that can generate a sunami impact in the vulnerable General Villamil Playas zone, delimiting the area of direct and indirect influence, with social, economic and environmental focus. To perform a statistical analysis through surveys to the residents of the area of influence, allowed corroborating that only 35% know of the danger of tsunami, a scarce and worrisome level of preparation, and evacuation routes that should be used during a seismic event It is necessary to perform preventive campaigns with a direct message and of great impact, which can include signs establishing evacuation routes and meeting points, Workshops and triptychs in strategic areas. Alarm systems in electronic devices for personal telecommunications can help in the mitigation stage to the Playas Villamil population, this means that messages would arrive two seconds after the earthquake occurred and the warning of a possible tsunami, allowing most citizens to seek clear and structurally adequate sites before the arrival of anomalous waves at sea.
The study site includes dwellings settled in the south border from the town of canton General Villamil Playas to Data Villamil, an area of 229 km2. The landscapes are characterized by alluvian plains and of sandy beaches with altitudes between 1 to 9 meters above sea level; this geomorphological feature and the type of saturated soil (intergranular spaces filled with water) make it an area prone to damage by earthquakes and tsunamis. In effect, in the Guayaquil´s Gulf earthquakes of subduction can be generated in the order of 8 degrees of magnitude and subsequent anomalous waves of tsunami, which would impact the coast of General Villamil Playas between 45 to 65 minutes and the coastal plain, would flood between 1 to 2 km inland. The present study aims to diagnose the consequences that can generate a sunami impact in the vulnerable General Villamil Playas zone, delimiting the area of direct and indirect influence, with social, economic and environmental focus. To perform a statistical analysis through surveys to the residents of the area of influence, allowed corroborating that only 35% know of the danger of tsunami, a scarce and worrisome level of preparation, and evacuation routes that should be used during a seismic event It is necessary to perform preventive campaigns with a direct message and of great impact, which can include signs establishing evacuation routes and meeting points, Workshops and triptychs in strategic areas. Alarm systems in electronic devices for personal telecommunications can help in the mitigation stage to the Playas Villamil population, this means that messages would arrive two seconds after the earthquake occurred and the warning of a possible tsunami, allowing most citizens to seek clear and structurally adequate sites before the arrival of anomalous waves at sea.