Factores socioeconómicos y familiares que influyen en el inicio de vida sexual y embarazo precoz en adolescentes de la Unidad Educativa Tumbaco
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Antecedentes: Los adolescentes comienzan su actividad sexual sin conocer los métodos que permiten evitar los embarazos no deseados. El objetivo es analizar la influencia que ejercen los padres sobre dicho comportamiento, y verificar si la condición socioeconómica actuaría como factor de riesgo. Metodología: Este estudio con enfoque cuantitativo de diseño no experimental, tipo analítico de corte transversal, se realizó por medio de una ficha de recolección de datos, a adolescentes de bachillerato que pertenecen a la unidad educativa Tumbaco, con una muestra total de 499 adolescentes. Resultados: conformados por mujeres en 61%, masculino 38.8%, que pertenecen adolescencia media en 61.6% y 38.4% adolescencia tardía. El estado civil: 94.3% sonn solteros, 4.7% vive en unión libre, y el 1% correspondientes a 5 personas se encuentran casadas antes de haber culminado la secundaria. La fuente de donde obtienen la información sobre sexualidad, fueron los padres y sus educadores que correspondieron 65.9%. El 74% se comunicaba con sus padres , sin embargo la comunicación que prevaleció fue "a veces" en 66.1% y solo un 8% se comunicaba frecuentemente. Conclusiones: la comunicación con los padres fue un factor protector de embarazos en adolescentes , mientras que la información de métodos anticonceptivos que reciben por sus padres y adolescentes, disminuye el inicio de vida sexual con una p. 0.00 estadisticamente significativa y la condición socioeconómica no marca diferencia en el embarazo precoz ni el inicio de vida sexual.
Background: Adolescents begin their sexual activity without knowing the methods that prevent unwanted pregnancies. The objective is to analyze the influence exerted by parents on such behavior, and verify if the socioeconomic condition would act as a risk factor. Methodology: This study with a quantitative approach of non-experimental design, cross-sectional analytical type, was carried out through a data collection sheet, to high school adolescents belonging to the Tumbaco educational unit, with a total sample of 499 adolescents. Results: made up of women in 61%, male 38.8%, belonging to middle adolescence in 61.6% and 38.4% late adolescence. Marital status: 94.3% are single, 4.7% live in free union, and 1% corresponding to 5 people are married before they finish high school. The source from which they obtain information about sexuality, were the parents and their educators, who accounted for 65.9%. 74% communicated with their parents, however the communication that prevailed was "sometimes" 66.1% and only 8% communicated frequently. Conclusions: communication with parents was a protective factor for teenage pregnancies, while the information on contraceptive methods received by their parents and adolescents decreases the onset of sexual life with a p. 0.00 Statistically significant and socioeconomic status does not make a difference in early pregnancy or onset of sexual life.
Background: Adolescents begin their sexual activity without knowing the methods that prevent unwanted pregnancies. The objective is to analyze the influence exerted by parents on such behavior, and verify if the socioeconomic condition would act as a risk factor. Methodology: This study with a quantitative approach of non-experimental design, cross-sectional analytical type, was carried out through a data collection sheet, to high school adolescents belonging to the Tumbaco educational unit, with a total sample of 499 adolescents. Results: made up of women in 61%, male 38.8%, belonging to middle adolescence in 61.6% and 38.4% late adolescence. Marital status: 94.3% are single, 4.7% live in free union, and 1% corresponding to 5 people are married before they finish high school. The source from which they obtain information about sexuality, were the parents and their educators, who accounted for 65.9%. 74% communicated with their parents, however the communication that prevailed was "sometimes" 66.1% and only 8% communicated frequently. Conclusions: communication with parents was a protective factor for teenage pregnancies, while the information on contraceptive methods received by their parents and adolescents decreases the onset of sexual life with a p. 0.00 Statistically significant and socioeconomic status does not make a difference in early pregnancy or onset of sexual life.
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Factores socioeconómicos, Sexualidad, Epidemiolgía analítica, Unidad Educativa Tumbaco, Cantón Quito, Ecuador, Factores familiares