Correlación citológica, colposcópica e histopatológica en pacientes con lesiones premalignas del cuello uterino
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las lesiones premalignas del cuello uterino constituye la segunda causa de
morbimortalidad por cáncer a nivel mundial. Los principales factores de riesgo son: Vida
sexual activa a temprana edad, promiscuidad e infección por papiloma virus. A pesar de los
programas de control la incidencia de casos es mayor cada año; es por tal motivo que se
planteó el desarrollo del presente cuyo objetivo es: Establecer la correlación entre los
hallazgos citológicos, colposcópicos e histopatológicos en lesiones premalignas del cuello
uterino, atendidas en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur en la ciudad de Guayaquil; para lo cual
se planteó un estudio de tipo: Analítico - Correlacional, retrospectivo, no experimental, de
corte transversal. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que los factores de riesgo fueron:
Edad promedio de 42 años, ser portadora de Papiloma virus (21.7 %), promiscuidad (16.3
%) y tabaquismo con un (15.5 %). Los resultados citológicos fueron: ASCUS ( 20.9 %), LSIL
( 24.8 %), HSIL (28.7 %), AGC (14 %). Los hallazgos colposcópicos fueron: epitelio
Acetoblanco tenue (17.8 %) Epitelio acetoblanco denso (14 %), y puntado fino (9.3 %). Por
Histopatología se identificó NICI (17.8 %), NIC II (32.6 %), NIC III (25.6 %). Un (13.2 %)
presentó Carcinoma in situ y el (3.1 %) Carcinoma Invasor. Aplicando prueba Chi cuadrado
de correlación se obtuvo un p valor de .010 para hallazgos Citológicos, de .012 para hallazgos
colposcópicos y de .001 para hallazgos histopatológicos, corroborando relación estadística
para estas 3 series.
Premalignant lesions of the cervix are the second leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main risk factors are: Active sexual life at an early age, promiscuity and papillomavirus infection. Despite the control programs, the incidence of cases is higher every year; It is for this reason that the development of the present was proposed whose objective is: To establish the correlation between the cytological, colposcopic and histopathological findings in premalignant lesions of the cervix, treated at the General Guasmo Sur Hospital in the city of Guayaquil; for which a study of the type was proposed: Analytical - Correlational, retrospective, non-experimental, cross-sectional. The results obtained showed that the risk factors were: Average age of 42 years, being a carrier of Papilloma virus (21.7%), promiscuity (16.3%) and smoking (15.5%). The cytological results were: ASCUS (20.9%), LSIL (24.8%), HSIL (28.7%), AGC (14%). The colposcopic findings were: faint acetowhite epithelium (17.8%), dense acetoblast epithelium (14%), and fine point (9.3%). By Histopathology, NICI (17.8%), CIN II (32.6%), CIN III (25.6%) were identified. One (13.2%) had Carcinoma in situ and (3.1%) Invasive Carcinoma. Applying the Chi square correlation test, a p value of .010 was obtained for cytological findings, .012 for colposcopic findings and .001 for histopathological findings, corroborating statistical relationship for these 3 series.
Premalignant lesions of the cervix are the second leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main risk factors are: Active sexual life at an early age, promiscuity and papillomavirus infection. Despite the control programs, the incidence of cases is higher every year; It is for this reason that the development of the present was proposed whose objective is: To establish the correlation between the cytological, colposcopic and histopathological findings in premalignant lesions of the cervix, treated at the General Guasmo Sur Hospital in the city of Guayaquil; for which a study of the type was proposed: Analytical - Correlational, retrospective, non-experimental, cross-sectional. The results obtained showed that the risk factors were: Average age of 42 years, being a carrier of Papilloma virus (21.7%), promiscuity (16.3%) and smoking (15.5%). The cytological results were: ASCUS (20.9%), LSIL (24.8%), HSIL (28.7%), AGC (14%). The colposcopic findings were: faint acetowhite epithelium (17.8%), dense acetoblast epithelium (14%), and fine point (9.3%). By Histopathology, NICI (17.8%), CIN II (32.6%), CIN III (25.6%) were identified. One (13.2%) had Carcinoma in situ and (3.1%) Invasive Carcinoma. Applying the Chi square correlation test, a p value of .010 was obtained for cytological findings, .012 for colposcopic findings and .001 for histopathological findings, corroborating statistical relationship for these 3 series.
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Neoplasias del cuello uterino, Lesiones precancerosas, Correlación de datos, Citología, Colposcopía, Histopatología, Epidemiología analítica, Hospital General Guasmo Sur, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador