Rasgos de personalidad y su relación con el riesgo suicida en pacientes drogodependientes
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas es un problema social, que afecta a jóvenes entre
los 15 y 40 años de edad. Existe un especial interés en mejorar los programas para el
tratamiento de las adicciones y comprender las variables que determinan el éxito o
fracaso de los mismos, ya que si bien es cierto el riesgo suicida es mayor en pacientes
drogodependientes, hay casos de pacientes que nunca intentan suicidarse, por lo que es
importante la identificación de aquellas características que no son inherentes a la
dependencia de determinada droga, como los rasgos de personalidad más comunes en
esta población y su relación con el riesgo suicida.
Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de los rasgos de personalidad sobre el riesgo suicida
en pacientes drogodependientes ingresados en el Hospital de especialidades Guayaquil
“Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón”. Métodos: Estudio No experimental, correlacional-causal, de
corte transversal. La muestra: se seleccionaron a 74 pacientes que cumplieron los
criterios de inclusión como: mayor de 18 años, sexo masculino, que haya podido
realizar el test MCMI-II y SSI, pacientes drogodependientes ingresados en el Hospital
de especialidades Guayaquil “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón” en el período de juniodiciembre
de 2020.
Resultados: Presencia de consumo de múltiples drogas en el 46% de los pacientes. El
rasgo de personalidad antisocial se encontró en el 31% de los drogodependientes.
Ausencia del riesgo suicida en el 64% de los pacientes. No se encontró asociación entre
rasgo de personalidad y riesgo suicida.
Conclusión: la mayoría de los drogodependientes tiende a presentar poli consumo. El
rasgo de personalidad antisocial es el de mayor prevalencia entre los drogodependientes,
seguido del rasgo histriónico y esquizotípico. La ausencia de riesgo suicida es mayor en
comparación a la presencia de riesgo suicida en pacientes drogodependientes. En el
estudio se determinó, pacientes drogodependientes a múltiples drogas existe mayor
riesgo suicida. Se aceptó la hipótesis nula mediante la prueba chi cuadro, por lo tanto,
no existe relación entre rasgos de personalidad y riesgo suicida.
The use of psychoactive substances is a social problem, which affects young people between 15 and 40 years of age. There is a special interest in improving programs for the treatment of addictions and understanding the variables that determine their success or failure, since although the suicide risk is higher in drug-dependent patients, there are cases of patients who never try commit suicide, so it is important to identify those characteristics that are not inherent to dependence on a certain drug, such as the most common personality traits in this population and their relationship with suicide risk. Objective: To determine the influence of personality traits on suicide risk in drugdependent patients admitted to the Guayaquil “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón ”. Methods: Non-experimental, correlational-causal, cross-sectional study. The sample: 74 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected as: over 18 years of age, male, who had been able to perform the MCMI-II and SSI test, drug-dependent patients admitted to the Guayaquil “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón ”in the period June-December 2020. Results: Presence of multiple drug use in 46% of the patients. The antisocial personality trait was found in 31% of drug addicts. Absence of suicide risk in 64% of patients. No association was found between personality trait and suicide risk. Conclusion: the majority of drug addicts tend to present multiple consumption. The antisocial personality trait is the one with the highest prevalence among drug addicts, followed by the histrionic and schizotypal trait. The absence of suicidal risk is higher compared to the presence of suicidal risk in drug-dependent patients. In the study, it was determined that drug-dependent patients with multiple drugs have a greater risk of suicide. The null hypothesis was accepted using the chi-square test, therefore, there is no relationship between personality traits and suicidal risk.
The use of psychoactive substances is a social problem, which affects young people between 15 and 40 years of age. There is a special interest in improving programs for the treatment of addictions and understanding the variables that determine their success or failure, since although the suicide risk is higher in drug-dependent patients, there are cases of patients who never try commit suicide, so it is important to identify those characteristics that are not inherent to dependence on a certain drug, such as the most common personality traits in this population and their relationship with suicide risk. Objective: To determine the influence of personality traits on suicide risk in drugdependent patients admitted to the Guayaquil “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón ”. Methods: Non-experimental, correlational-causal, cross-sectional study. The sample: 74 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected as: over 18 years of age, male, who had been able to perform the MCMI-II and SSI test, drug-dependent patients admitted to the Guayaquil “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón ”in the period June-December 2020. Results: Presence of multiple drug use in 46% of the patients. The antisocial personality trait was found in 31% of drug addicts. Absence of suicide risk in 64% of patients. No association was found between personality trait and suicide risk. Conclusion: the majority of drug addicts tend to present multiple consumption. The antisocial personality trait is the one with the highest prevalence among drug addicts, followed by the histrionic and schizotypal trait. The absence of suicidal risk is higher compared to the presence of suicidal risk in drug-dependent patients. In the study, it was determined that drug-dependent patients with multiple drugs have a greater risk of suicide. The null hypothesis was accepted using the chi-square test, therefore, there is no relationship between personality traits and suicidal risk.
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FACTORES DE RIESGO, TRASTORNOS RELACIONADOS CON SUSTANCIAS, PERSONALIDAD, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES GUAYAQUIL DR. ABEL GILBERT PONTON, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR