Factores que inciden en la aparición de distres respiratorio en neonatos. Plan educativo de prevención
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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De las patologías neonatales más comunes asociadas sobre todo a la prematurez y a las
secuelas de patologías prenatales inadvertidas se encuentra el Síndrome de Distrés
respiratorio que representa una carga económica sobre los recursos de cada país pero
fundamentalmente la carga social y afectiva en caso de que se presenten secuelas
neurológicas irreversibles en estos neonatos. Para analizar esta problemática realizamos un
estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo encontrándose 75 neonatos con distrés respiratorio de un
total de 231 nacimientos en el Hospital San Vicente de Paúl de la ciudad de Pasaje durante
el periodo de enero a julio del 2016; los eventos analizados son la edad materna, las semanas
de gestación, el peso, APGAR, el tipo de parto, número de controles prenatales las
enfermedades maternas y eventos obstétricos analizándolos con la estadística descriptiva. Se
procede al análisis que nos permitió asociar la causa-efecto en mayor proporción en el caso
del control prenatal, cesáreas sin labor de parto, infección de vías urinarias con la presencia
de distrés neonatal. Asimismo la edad materna, el uso de corticoides y el peso fetal al parecer
no influyo directamente en el neonato dado posiblemente a que al ser un hospital de
referencia de mediana complejidad las cesáreas programadas pudieron sesgar los resultados.
De esta manera se elabora un Plan Educativo Preventivo con el objetivo de disminuir la
incidencia de Distrés Respiratorio Neonatal a través de la concientización de la importancia
del control prenatal y detección oportuna de señales de peligro.
Of the most common neonatal pathologies associated especially prematurity and the consequences of prenatal pathologies unnoticed is the respiratory distress syndrome represents an economic burden on the resources of each country but primarily social and emotional charge if they present irreversible neurological damage in these infants. To analyze this problem we conducted a retrospective cohort study quantitative finding 75 infants with respiratory distress of a total of 231 births in the San Vicente de Paul Hospital in the city of Passage during the period January to July 2016; events are analyzed maternal age, weeks of gestation, weight, Apgar, the type of delivery, number of antenatal maternal obstetrical events and analyzing descriptive statistics diseases. It is analyzed that allowed us to associate cause and effect in greater proportion in the case of prenatal care, cesarean section without labor, urinary tract infection with the presence of neonatal distress. Also maternal age, use of steroids and fetal weight apparently did not influence directly in the neonate possibly given to it being a referral hospital of medium complexity scheduled Caesarean sections could bias the results. Thus a Preventive Education Plan with the aim of reducing the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress through awareness of the importance of prenatal care and early detection of warning signs is made.
Of the most common neonatal pathologies associated especially prematurity and the consequences of prenatal pathologies unnoticed is the respiratory distress syndrome represents an economic burden on the resources of each country but primarily social and emotional charge if they present irreversible neurological damage in these infants. To analyze this problem we conducted a retrospective cohort study quantitative finding 75 infants with respiratory distress of a total of 231 births in the San Vicente de Paul Hospital in the city of Passage during the period January to July 2016; events are analyzed maternal age, weeks of gestation, weight, Apgar, the type of delivery, number of antenatal maternal obstetrical events and analyzing descriptive statistics diseases. It is analyzed that allowed us to associate cause and effect in greater proportion in the case of prenatal care, cesarean section without labor, urinary tract infection with the presence of neonatal distress. Also maternal age, use of steroids and fetal weight apparently did not influence directly in the neonate possibly given to it being a referral hospital of medium complexity scheduled Caesarean sections could bias the results. Thus a Preventive Education Plan with the aim of reducing the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress through awareness of the importance of prenatal care and early detection of warning signs is made.
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Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del recién nacido, Recién nacido, Planes y programas de salud, Programas educativos, Medicina preventiva, Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Cantón Pasaje, Ecuador