Aplicación de modelos de balance de Masa Nutricional para la estimación de descargas en el cultivo de Trucha Arcoíris en rós de altura del Austro Ecuatoriano
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2012
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales
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Dentro de las estrategias del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo del Ecuador para la conservación de la biodiversidad se establece la gestión interinstitucional para la adecuada planificación, organización, dirección y control de los recursos naturales, como procesos continuos y cíclicos con permanentes monitoreos, ajustes y evaluación. En la zona conocida como el Corredor de El Cajas (UTM 17M 708260 E, 9685972 S) en la provincia del Azuay se asienta la mayor cantidad de granjas dedicadas a la acuicultura de trucha Arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) del Ecuador. Se tomaron varias muestras a fin de determinar la concentración de nutrientes en arroyos de la región y se levantó información relacionada al manejo productivo en 8 piscícolas con el objetivo de estimar la cantidad de nutrientes liberados por la actividad acuícola haciendo uso de las ecuaciones de balance de masa nutricional. Los valores obtenidos del monitoreo para nitratos van de 0,12 a 0,61 mg/l y de valores no detectables por el método a 1,17mg/l para ortofosfatos, valores que se encuentran por debajo de los límites máximos permisibles en la legislación ambiental ecuatoriana para la preservación de la fauna y flora. De acuerdo a las constantes utilizadas en las ecuaciones y los datos obtenidos del manejo acuícola, se estima una producción total para las ocho piscícolas de 5890 Kg de residuos sólidos, 1955 Kg de Nitrógeno total y 217 kg de Fósforo total al año, lo que equivale a 115 Kg de sólidos, 38 kg de N y 4,2 Kg de P por cada tonelada de pescado producido. Con un caudal estimado de 5 m3/s del cuerpo receptor se obtiene concentraciones de 0,056 para SS, 0,02 de N Total y 0,002 de P Total. Aunque los valores aquí presentados son aproximaciones, la estimación de residuos de la acuicultura a través del balance de masa nutricional constituye una herramienta muy sencilla, práctica y de bajo costo que permite y contribuye al desarrollo sustentable de la actividad acuícola y garantiza un ecosistema saludable.
Inside the strategies of the National Plan of Development of the Ecuador for the conservation of the biodiversity the administration inter-institutional is conceived that allows the appropriate planning, organization, address and control of the natural resources, as continuous and recurrent processes with continuous monitoring, adjustments and evaluation. In the area known as Corredor de El Cajas (UTM 17M 708260 E, 9685972 S) settles the biggest quantity in farms dedicated to the aquaculture of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in province of Azuay, approximately 15 Km of Cuenca city, capital of the province of Azuay. Several samplings were taken to determine the concentration of nitrates and orthophosphates among the recollection of data: feeding, biomass production, flow rate, FCR supplied by 8 trout farms with the objective of estimating the quantity of wastes outputs in aquaculture through the equations of nutrient mass-balance. The obtained values of nitrates go from 0, 12 to 0, 61 mg/l, orthophosphates from non-detectable for the method to 1,17mg/l. According to the constants used in the equations and the data obtained from trout farms the total production estimated were 5890 Kg of solids wastes, 1955 Kg of Total N and 217 kg of Total P a year, what is equal to 115 Kg of solids, 38 kg of NT and 4, 2 Kg of PT for each ton of produced fish. With a flow rate of 5 m3/s estimate for the receiving effluent it is obtained concentrations of 0,056 for SS, 0,02 of NT and 0,002 of PT. These obtained values are theoretical, but the estimate of wastes output through the nutrient mass-balance constitutes a simple, practical and low cost tool that contributes to the sustainable development of aquaculture and the environments.
Inside the strategies of the National Plan of Development of the Ecuador for the conservation of the biodiversity the administration inter-institutional is conceived that allows the appropriate planning, organization, address and control of the natural resources, as continuous and recurrent processes with continuous monitoring, adjustments and evaluation. In the area known as Corredor de El Cajas (UTM 17M 708260 E, 9685972 S) settles the biggest quantity in farms dedicated to the aquaculture of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in province of Azuay, approximately 15 Km of Cuenca city, capital of the province of Azuay. Several samplings were taken to determine the concentration of nitrates and orthophosphates among the recollection of data: feeding, biomass production, flow rate, FCR supplied by 8 trout farms with the objective of estimating the quantity of wastes outputs in aquaculture through the equations of nutrient mass-balance. The obtained values of nitrates go from 0, 12 to 0, 61 mg/l, orthophosphates from non-detectable for the method to 1,17mg/l. According to the constants used in the equations and the data obtained from trout farms the total production estimated were 5890 Kg of solids wastes, 1955 Kg of Total N and 217 kg of Total P a year, what is equal to 115 Kg of solids, 38 kg of NT and 4, 2 Kg of PT for each ton of produced fish. With a flow rate of 5 m3/s estimate for the receiving effluent it is obtained concentrations of 0,056 for SS, 0,02 of NT and 0,002 of PT. These obtained values are theoretical, but the estimate of wastes output through the nutrient mass-balance constitutes a simple, practical and low cost tool that contributes to the sustainable development of aquaculture and the environments.
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PLAN NACIONAL DE DESARROLLO DEL ECUADOR, CORREDOR DE CAJAS, TRUCHA ARCOÍRIS, ACTIVIDAD ACUÍCOLA