Estudio de infecciones bacterianas oportunistas en pacientes pediátricos con leucemia linfocítica aguda Instituto Oncológico Nacional SOLCA Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo 2011 - 2012
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
En la actualidad es posible curar pacientes con Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda (LLA), no obstante a la presencia de una microbiótica extremadamente compleja. El estudio se realizó en muestras para cultivo de pacientes pediátricos con LLA, tratados en el Instituto Oncológico Nacional SOLCA “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” de Guayaquil- Ecuador del 2011 al 2012, con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de microorganismos Gram positivos y negativos en los cultivos realizados a pacientes pediátricos con leucemia linfoblástica aguda, la investigación fue de tipo descriptiva-observacional, diseño no experimentalretrospectivo-transversal. Se estudiaron 723 muestras de cultivos, de las cuales 517 fueron negativas y 206 positivas que representó una prevalencia del 28%. El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 6 a 10 años con el 39%, seguido por el de 3 a 5 años con el 31%. El cien por cien de los pacientes presentó neutropenia siendo el 68% neutropenia grado IV. Los focos de infección más sobresalientes fueron región perianal con el 46.87%, catéteres intravenosos 36.71%, abdomen 22.65%, faringe 15.62%, vías urinarias 13.28% y en menores porcentajes nariz 8.59%, pulmón 5.46%, ojo 0.78%, oído 0.78%. Los microorganismos más frecuentes encontrados en los 206 cultivos positivos fueron los gérmenes Gram negativos con el 75% y de éstos Escherichia coli con el 20.39% y Enterobacter aerogenes con 10.19% ocuparon los primeros lugares en crecimiento. Los Gram positivos representaron el 25% de los cuales S. aureus 9.70% y S.epidermidis 6.80% fueron los más representativos de este grupo. La sensibilidad antibiótica de los microorganismos encontrados en los cultivos de gérmenes Gram negativos fue muy buena para Amikacina 94.15%, Meropenem 83.11%, Imipenem 81.81%, Piperacilina/tazobactam 72.07% y de los Gram positivos Vancomicina 100%, Linesolid 100%, Synercid 92.30%, Rifampicina 88.46%.
It is now possible to cure patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL), in spite the presence of an extremely complex microbiota.The study was conducted in culture samples of pediatric patients with ALL, treated at the National Cancer Institute SOLCA “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” of Guayaquil-Ecuador, of January 2011 to december 2012, with the aim to determine the prevalence of Gram positive and negative microorganisms in the cultures taken from pediatric patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia.the investigation was descriptive-observacional, non experimental design-retrospective cross. 723 culture samples were studied, of which 517 were negative and 206 positive which represent a prevalence of 28%.The most affected age group was 6 to 10 years with 39%, followed by 3 to 5 years with 31%. One hundred percent of the patients presented neutropenia 68% being grade IV neutropenia. Sources of infection were more salient perianal región with 46.87%, intravenous catheters 36.71%, abdomen 22.65%, pharynx 15.62%, urinary tract, 13.28% and lower percentages nose 8.59%, lung 5.46%, eye 0.78%, heard 0.78%. the most frequent microorganisms found in the 206 positive cultures were Gram negative germs with 75% and these Escherichia coli with 20.39% and y Enterobacter aerogenes 10.19% occupied the first places the growing. Gram Positive represented 25% of which S. aureus 9.70% and S.epidermidis 6.80% were the most representative of this group. The antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms found in cultures of Gram negative germs was very good for Amikacina 94.15%, Meropenem 83.11%, Imipenem 81.81%, Piperacilina/tazobactam 72.07% and Gram positive Vancomicina 100%, Linesolid 100%, Synercid 92.30%, Rifampicina 88.46%.
It is now possible to cure patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL), in spite the presence of an extremely complex microbiota.The study was conducted in culture samples of pediatric patients with ALL, treated at the National Cancer Institute SOLCA “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” of Guayaquil-Ecuador, of January 2011 to december 2012, with the aim to determine the prevalence of Gram positive and negative microorganisms in the cultures taken from pediatric patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia.the investigation was descriptive-observacional, non experimental design-retrospective cross. 723 culture samples were studied, of which 517 were negative and 206 positive which represent a prevalence of 28%.The most affected age group was 6 to 10 years with 39%, followed by 3 to 5 years with 31%. One hundred percent of the patients presented neutropenia 68% being grade IV neutropenia. Sources of infection were more salient perianal región with 46.87%, intravenous catheters 36.71%, abdomen 22.65%, pharynx 15.62%, urinary tract, 13.28% and lower percentages nose 8.59%, lung 5.46%, eye 0.78%, heard 0.78%. the most frequent microorganisms found in the 206 positive cultures were Gram negative germs with 75% and these Escherichia coli with 20.39% and y Enterobacter aerogenes 10.19% occupied the first places the growing. Gram Positive represented 25% of which S. aureus 9.70% and S.epidermidis 6.80% were the most representative of this group. The antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms found in cultures of Gram negative germs was very good for Amikacina 94.15%, Meropenem 83.11%, Imipenem 81.81%, Piperacilina/tazobactam 72.07% and Gram positive Vancomicina 100%, Linesolid 100%, Synercid 92.30%, Rifampicina 88.46%.
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Leucemia linfoblástica, Infecciones bacterianas, Pediatría, Epidemiología Descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital SOLCA de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador