Ventajas y desventajas de laparoscopia y laparotomia en abdomén agudo gineco-obstétrico
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El propósito de esta investigación es para determinar las ventajas y desventajas del tratamiento quirúrgico por abordaje de laparoscopia o laparotomía en el abdomen agudo gineco-obstétrico con el objetivo de dar a conocer la información estadística que nos permita obtener cual es a mejor vía quirúrgica utilizada.
El diseño de investigación es un estudio analítico, correlacional, no experimental, transversal y retroprospectivo, los datos obtenidos fueron recolectados de historias clínica y protocolos quirúrgicos cuya información serán sometidos a los programas estadísticos de tipo Microsoft Excel 2013 y Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Cuyas fórmulas estadísticas serán de tipo paramétrica y no paramétricas según la distribución simétrica o asimétrica de datos.
Las causas con más frecuencia fueron el embarazo ectópico roto, no roto y el quiste de ovario en las mujeres y en las gestantes tenemos dos causas de igual proporción como el apendicitis y quiste torcido de ovario, la edades comprendidas fueron de 21-30 años y de 31-40 años. Las técnicas quirúrgicas que más se utilizaron fueron laparoscopia en mujeres no gestantes y laparotomía en mujeres gestantes; en la técnica de laparotomía presento mayor porcentaje de complicación postoperatoria en comparación con la técnica de laparoscopia. La mayor complicación fue la hemorragia con la técnica de laparotomía; la estancia intrahospitalaria fue de un 1-3 días en la laparoscopia y con la laparotomía fue 4-6 días.
La laparoscopia es la mejor técnica quirúrgica porque presentó menos complicaciones postoperatorias y un retorno más rápido al trabaj
The purpose of this research is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of surgical treatment by laparoscopic or laparotomy approach in the acute gynecological-obstetric abdomen with the aim of making known the statistical information that allows us to obtain the best surgical route used. The research design is an analytical, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional and retroprospective study, the data obtained were collected from medical records and surgical protocols, the information of which will be submitted to statistical programs such as Microsoft Excel 2013 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Whose statistical formulas will be parametric and non-parametric according to the symmetric or asymmetric distribution of data. The most frequent causes were ruptured and unruptured ectopic pregnancy and ovarian cyst in women and in pregnant women we have two causes of equal proportion such as appendicitis and twisted ovarian cyst, the ages were 21-30 years and 31-40 years. The most widely used surgical techniques were laparoscopy in non-pregnant women and laparotomy in pregnant women; In the laparotomy technique, I present a higher percentage of postoperative complication compared to the laparoscopic technique. The biggest complication was bleeding with the laparotomy technique; in-hospital stay was 1-3 days at laparoscopy and 4-6 days at laparotomy. Laparoscopy is the best surgical technique because it presented fewer postoperative complications and a faster return to work.
The purpose of this research is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of surgical treatment by laparoscopic or laparotomy approach in the acute gynecological-obstetric abdomen with the aim of making known the statistical information that allows us to obtain the best surgical route used. The research design is an analytical, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional and retroprospective study, the data obtained were collected from medical records and surgical protocols, the information of which will be submitted to statistical programs such as Microsoft Excel 2013 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Whose statistical formulas will be parametric and non-parametric according to the symmetric or asymmetric distribution of data. The most frequent causes were ruptured and unruptured ectopic pregnancy and ovarian cyst in women and in pregnant women we have two causes of equal proportion such as appendicitis and twisted ovarian cyst, the ages were 21-30 years and 31-40 years. The most widely used surgical techniques were laparoscopy in non-pregnant women and laparotomy in pregnant women; In the laparotomy technique, I present a higher percentage of postoperative complication compared to the laparoscopic technique. The biggest complication was bleeding with the laparotomy technique; in-hospital stay was 1-3 days at laparoscopy and 4-6 days at laparotomy. Laparoscopy is the best surgical technique because it presented fewer postoperative complications and a faster return to work.
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Abdomén agudo, Laparoscopía, Laparotomía, Embarazo Ectópico, Hospital de la Mujer Alfredo G. Paulson, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador