Factores Culturales que influyen en el proceso de la vacunación en niños menores de 5 años
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2022-05
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Carrera de Enfermería
Resumen
La vacunación en niños menores de 5 años es un tema que posee gran relevancia
para el sistema de salud, es por esto que el presente trabajo de investigación tuvo el
objetivo describir los factores culturales que influyen en el proceso de vacunación en los
niños menores de 5 años que acuden al Centro de Salud Francisco de Asís en el periodo de
diciembre 2021- marzo 2022. Se utilizo la metodología cualitativa, descriptiva,
etnográfica a través de investigación de campo utilizando como instrumento la entrevista, obteniendo como resultados el análisis de las categorías presentadas fueron 3: los factores demográficos, económicos-sociales, los valores culturales y modos de vida obteniendo como resultado percepciones diferentes entre los padres, el temor y desconfianza generados por la falta de conocimiento guarda una estrecha relación con la Teoría de diversidad y la universidad, así como con el Modelo del Sol Naciente e incluso con el Modelo de Creencias de Salud. En conclusión, se puedo evidenciar la gran influencia que posee el entorno que los rodea en la decisión como padres, la mayoría de estos poseen como factor común la desinformación acerca de la importancia de las vacunas en menores de 5 años lo cual causa que los esquemas de vacunación no sean completados o incluso que no existan, mientras que otros deciden completar solo por obligación o necesidad de tener el carné completo y acceder a la educación.
Vaccination in children under 5 years of age is a topic of great relevance for the health system, which is why this research work had the objective of describing the cultural factors that influence the vaccination process in children under 5 years of age who attend the Francisco de Asís Health Center in the period from December 2021 to March 2022. The qualitative, descriptive, ethnographic methodology was used through field research using the interview as an instrument, obtaining as results the analysis of the categories presented were 3: demographic, economic-social factors, cultural values and ways of life obtaining as a result different perceptions among parents, the fear and distrust generated by the lack of knowledge has a close relationship with the Theory of diversity and the university, as well as with the Rising Sun Model and even with the Health Belief Model. In conclusion, the great influence that the surrounding environment has on the decision as parents can be evidenced, most of them have as a common factor the misinformation about the importance of vaccines in children under 5 years of age which causes that the vaccination schedules are not completed or even do not exist, while others decide to complete only by obligation or need to have the complete card and access to education.
Vaccination in children under 5 years of age is a topic of great relevance for the health system, which is why this research work had the objective of describing the cultural factors that influence the vaccination process in children under 5 years of age who attend the Francisco de Asís Health Center in the period from December 2021 to March 2022. The qualitative, descriptive, ethnographic methodology was used through field research using the interview as an instrument, obtaining as results the analysis of the categories presented were 3: demographic, economic-social factors, cultural values and ways of life obtaining as a result different perceptions among parents, the fear and distrust generated by the lack of knowledge has a close relationship with the Theory of diversity and the university, as well as with the Rising Sun Model and even with the Health Belief Model. In conclusion, the great influence that the surrounding environment has on the decision as parents can be evidenced, most of them have as a common factor the misinformation about the importance of vaccines in children under 5 years of age which causes that the vaccination schedules are not completed or even do not exist, while others decide to complete only by obligation or need to have the complete card and access to education.
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VACUNA, FACTORES CULTURALES, CREENCIAS, PERCEPCIONES