Complicaciones puerperales postparto normal en pacientes de corta estancia hospitalaria vs estancia normal, diseño de un programa para disminuir tiempo hospitalario
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Los antecedentes en las diferentes guías clínicas revisadas por la OMS, se determinó que el tiempo de hospitalización de una mujer en puerperio posterior al parto normal entre las semanas 37 y 40 sin ningún otro tipo de patología de base debía ser de 48 a 72 horas. Sin embargo en diferentes países se realiza la hospitalización de corta estancia que va desde las 24 a 48 horas sin tener ningún tipo de complicación tanto en la madre como el recién nacido. Existen estudios realizados sin significancia estadística según sus propios reportes en donde se da el alta hospitalaria ultra rápida que es de menos de 24 horas sin reportarse complicaciones tanto en madre como en recién nacido. El objetivo general de éste estudio es determinar si las complicaciones puerperales de un parto normal guardan relación con la estancia hospitalaria. Para reducir la estancia hospitalaria menor a la que establecen los organismos de salud. Y de esta forma tener espacios para cubrir las necesidades de grandes factores de riesgo, con ética y valores humanísticos. La metodología de estudio es cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, correlacional, se basa en la recolección de los datos en las historias clínicas de las dos instituciones en estudio el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso y el centro de salud de Chimbacalle, asegurando que las dos poblaciones sean similares embarazos a término entre las 37 y 40 semanas de mujeres sanas sin patologías de base. Los resultados se expresaron así: entre las dos instituciones se obtuvo que las hemorragias postparto fueron de 200 casos en chimbacalle y de 150 en el HVCM, endometritis 80 para chimbacalle y 90 para el HVCM, retención de restos placentarios 113 y 110 respectivamente, trastornos hipertensivos postparto de 6 y 9, traumas genitales de 61 para chimbacalle y 73 para el HVCM, en total para la dos poblaciones la muestra resultó en la cantidad de 920 pacientes para cada institución. Como conclusión se muestran que las complicaciones en las dos instituciones no son diferentes, por lo que es factible la aplicación de una reducción en el tiempo hospitalario para disponer del espacio físico hospitalario de mejor manera, siempre respetando a las pacientes hospitalizadas con calidad y humanismo.
The antecedents in the different clinical guidelines reviewed by the WHO, were determined that the time of hospitalization of a woman in the postpartum period after normal delivery between weeks 37 and 40 without any other type of basic pathology should be from 48 to 72 hours. However, in different countries short-stay hospitalization is performed, ranging from 24 to 48 hours without any complications in both the mother and the newborn. There are studies performed without statistical significance according to their own reports where there is an ultra-rapid hospital discharge that is less than 24 hours without reporting complications in both mother and newborn. The general objective of this study is to determine if the puerperal complications of a normal birth are related to the hospital stay. To reduce hospital stay lower than that established by health agencies. And in this way have spaces to cover the needs of large risk factors, with ethics and humanistic values. The study methodology is quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational, based on the collection of data in the clinical records of the two institutions under study Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital and Chimbacalle health center, ensuring that the two populations Are similar term pregnancies between the 37 and 40 weeks of healthy women without basic pathologies. The results were expressed as follows: the postpartum haemorrhages were 200 cases in chimbacalle and 150 in HVCM, 80 chimbacalle endometritis and 90 for HVCM, retained placental remnants 113 and 110 respectively, hypertensive disorders Postpartum of 6 and 9, genital traumas of 61 for chimbacalle and 73 for HVCM, in total for the two populations the sample resulted in the amount of 920 patients for each institution. In conclusion, it is shown that the complications in the two institutions are not different, so it is feasible to apply a reduction in hospital time to dispose of the hospital physical space in the best way, always respecting patients hospitalized with quality and humanism.
The antecedents in the different clinical guidelines reviewed by the WHO, were determined that the time of hospitalization of a woman in the postpartum period after normal delivery between weeks 37 and 40 without any other type of basic pathology should be from 48 to 72 hours. However, in different countries short-stay hospitalization is performed, ranging from 24 to 48 hours without any complications in both the mother and the newborn. There are studies performed without statistical significance according to their own reports where there is an ultra-rapid hospital discharge that is less than 24 hours without reporting complications in both mother and newborn. The general objective of this study is to determine if the puerperal complications of a normal birth are related to the hospital stay. To reduce hospital stay lower than that established by health agencies. And in this way have spaces to cover the needs of large risk factors, with ethics and humanistic values. The study methodology is quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational, based on the collection of data in the clinical records of the two institutions under study Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital and Chimbacalle health center, ensuring that the two populations Are similar term pregnancies between the 37 and 40 weeks of healthy women without basic pathologies. The results were expressed as follows: the postpartum haemorrhages were 200 cases in chimbacalle and 150 in HVCM, 80 chimbacalle endometritis and 90 for HVCM, retained placental remnants 113 and 110 respectively, hypertensive disorders Postpartum of 6 and 9, genital traumas of 61 for chimbacalle and 73 for HVCM, in total for the two populations the sample resulted in the amount of 920 patients for each institution. In conclusion, it is shown that the complications in the two institutions are not different, so it is feasible to apply a reduction in hospital time to dispose of the hospital physical space in the best way, always respecting patients hospitalized with quality and humanism.
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Complicaciones puerperales, Período posparto, Diseño de programas, Estancia hospitalaria, Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cantón Cuenca, Centro de Salud de Chimbacalle, Cantón Quito, Ecuador