Evaluación del estado nutricional en pacientes con hipertensión arterial
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
Ecuador es considerado uno de los países con mayor prevalencia de HTA en
América Latina. Entendiendo esto, el objetivo fue evaluar el estado nutricional
en pacientes con HTA de 40 a 65 años en el Centro de Salud “Primavera 2”,
Durán. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, de diseño descriptivo
y analítico; la muestra constó de 65 pacientes de ambos sexos. El análisis
estadístico se realizó en los programas Excel y SPSS. Los resultados
demostraron que el 69,2% de la muestra representaba a la genero femenino, el
30,8% masculino, mientras que el IMC nos indica que el 46,3% se encuentra
en una obesidad, en cuanto al perfil lipídico los triglicèridos en 84,6% en
valores altos; colesterol 56,9% en niveles superiores, también se evidencio que
si existe una correlación entre el estado nutricional y el perfil lipídico de
triglicéridos con un valor de p 0.013 (<0.05); hubo una leve correlación con el
perfil lipídico de colesterol obteniendo un valor de p 0.047 (<0.05). Por lo que
se concluye que la mayor parte de los pacientes reflejan perfil lipídico alterados
debido a una mala selección de alimentos. Para lo cual se diseñó una guía
alimentaria dirigida a los pacientes con HTA de 40 a 65 años basada en las
propuestas teóricas de la dieta Hiposódica.
Ecuador is considered one of the countries with the highest prevalence of hypertension in Latin America. Understanding this, the objective was to evaluate the nutritional status in patients with hypertension from 40 to 65 years old at the "Primavera 2" Health Center, Durán. The study had a quantitative qualitative approach, descriptive and analytical design; the sample was 65 patients of both sexes. Statistical analysis was performed in Excel and SPSS programs. The results showed that 69.2% of the sample represented the female gender, 30.8% male, while the BMI indicates that 46.3% is in an obesity, in terms of the lipid profile the triglycerides in 84.6% in high values; cholesterol 56.9% at higher levels, it was also evidenced that if there is a correlation between nutritional status and the lipid profile of triglycerides with a value of p 0.013 (<0.05); there was a slight correlation with the lipid profile of cholesterol obtaining a value of p 0.047 (<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that most patients reflect altered lipid profile due to poor food selection. For which a dietary guide was designed for patients with hypertension from 40 to 65 years old based on the theoretical proposals of the Hyposodium diet.
Ecuador is considered one of the countries with the highest prevalence of hypertension in Latin America. Understanding this, the objective was to evaluate the nutritional status in patients with hypertension from 40 to 65 years old at the "Primavera 2" Health Center, Durán. The study had a quantitative qualitative approach, descriptive and analytical design; the sample was 65 patients of both sexes. Statistical analysis was performed in Excel and SPSS programs. The results showed that 69.2% of the sample represented the female gender, 30.8% male, while the BMI indicates that 46.3% is in an obesity, in terms of the lipid profile the triglycerides in 84.6% in high values; cholesterol 56.9% at higher levels, it was also evidenced that if there is a correlation between nutritional status and the lipid profile of triglycerides with a value of p 0.013 (<0.05); there was a slight correlation with the lipid profile of cholesterol obtaining a value of p 0.047 (<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that most patients reflect altered lipid profile due to poor food selection. For which a dietary guide was designed for patients with hypertension from 40 to 65 years old based on the theoretical proposals of the Hyposodium diet.
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ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, EVALUACIÓN NUTRICIONAL, HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL, CENTRO DE SALUD PRIMAVERA 2, CANTON DURAN, ECUADOR