Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria en neonatos a término: causas y factores de riesgo. Propuesta de prevención para el I-II nivel de atención, Hospital Playas - 2016
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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El síndrome de dificultad respiratoria constituye una de las afecciones más frecuentes en recién nacidos, y se comporta como indicador de morbilidad y mortalidad. El presente estudio de caso está dirigido a analizar el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria en recién nacidos a término, sus causas y factores de riesgo, con Propuesta de prevención para el I-II nivel de atención y hospital Playas. Este análisis es de tipo cualitativo, documental, basado en referentes bibliográfico de publicaciones de impacto. Los factores de riesgo identificados están relacionados con categorías biológicas, microbiológicas, socioculturales y organizacionales, las mismas que involucran las causas asociadas, entre las que se menciona taquipnea transitoria, síndrome aspirativo, neumonía, hipertensión pulmonar, cardiovasculares, infecciosas, neurológicas, metabólicas, hematológicas y malformaciones. La severidad del cuadro clínico se determina mediante test de Silverman y de Downes. El diagnóstico se realiza por presencia de factores de riesgo, manifestaciones clínicas, y exámenes auxiliares. Entre los factores de riesgo mencionamos ruptura prematura de membrana mayor a 18 horas, fiebre materna, corioamnionitis, colonización del tracto genito-urinario materno, hipertensión del embarazo, diabetes gestacional. El manejo inicial incluye calor, oxigenoterapia, canalización de vía intravenosa, glucosa al 10%, monitorización continua, y coordinar transferencia conjunta. Todo neonato con dificultad respiratoria independiente de su severidad, debe ser inmediatamente referido a una unidad de tercer nivel.
Repiratory distress syndrome is one of the most common disorders in newborns, and behaves as an indicator of morbidity and mortality. This study is aimed at analyzing the respiratory distress syndrome in term newborns, its causes and risk factors, with prevention proposal for I-II level of care and hospital beaches. The identified risk factors are related to biological, microbiological, socio-cultural and organizational categories, the same involving the associated causes, including transient tachypnea, aspiration syndrome, pneumonia, pulmonary, cardiovascular, infectious, neurological, metabolic hypertension, hematologic mentioned and malformations. The severity of the clinical picture is determined by test of Silverman and Downs. The diagnosis is made by the presence of risk factors, clinical features, and ancillary test. Among the risk factors mentioned premature rupture of membrane increased to 18 hours, maternal fever, chorioamnionitis, colonization tract genitourinary maternal, pregnancy hypertension, gestational diabetes. Initial management includes heat, oxygen therapy, channeling intravenous 10% glucose, continuous monitoring, and coordinate joint transfer. All newborns with respiratory distress independent of severity, should be immediately referred to a third level unit.
Repiratory distress syndrome is one of the most common disorders in newborns, and behaves as an indicator of morbidity and mortality. This study is aimed at analyzing the respiratory distress syndrome in term newborns, its causes and risk factors, with prevention proposal for I-II level of care and hospital beaches. The identified risk factors are related to biological, microbiological, socio-cultural and organizational categories, the same involving the associated causes, including transient tachypnea, aspiration syndrome, pneumonia, pulmonary, cardiovascular, infectious, neurological, metabolic hypertension, hematologic mentioned and malformations. The severity of the clinical picture is determined by test of Silverman and Downs. The diagnosis is made by the presence of risk factors, clinical features, and ancillary test. Among the risk factors mentioned premature rupture of membrane increased to 18 hours, maternal fever, chorioamnionitis, colonization tract genitourinary maternal, pregnancy hypertension, gestational diabetes. Initial management includes heat, oxygen therapy, channeling intravenous 10% glucose, continuous monitoring, and coordinate joint transfer. All newborns with respiratory distress independent of severity, should be immediately referred to a third level unit.
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Recién nacido, Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria del recién nacido, Factores de riesgo, Hospital Básico de Playas, Cantón Playas, Ecuador