Sostenibilidad de pesquerías artesanales de peces de agua dulce en la provincia de los Ríos (Ecuador).
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Fecha
2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Se realizó un análisis comparativo de datos consolidados y disponibles de la actividad pesquera artesanal en los meses enero, febrero, marzo de los años 2004, 2008, 2009 y 2010 en la provincia de Los Ríos. La condición biológica de las principales especies de peces de agua dulce de interés comercial se mantuvo estable, se registraron en las capturas 13 especies de peces nativos de agua dulce, entre ellas las especies más representativas para el periodo de estudio fueron 18,9% Brycon dentex (dama), 16,4% Curimatorbis boulengeri actualmente Pseudocurimata boulengeri (dica)*, 20,6% Leporinus ecuadoriensis (ratón), 15,6% Ichthyolephas humeralis (bocachico) y 11,0% Aequidens rivulatus actualmente Andinoacara rivulatus (vieja azul)**, especies de valor comercial y en menor proporción se registran las especies Dormitator latifrons (chame) y Prochilodus lineatus (sábalo) con el 0,4%. Las hembras de dama (1:1,2), dica (1:1,08) y vieja azul (1:3) predominaron sobre los machos, mientras que, los machos de ratón (1:0,5) y bocachico (1:08) predominaron sobre las hembras. El 70% de los ejemplares se encontraron en estado avanzado de madurez sexual correspondientes a los estadios III, IV y V, mientras que el 30% en estadio I y II. Las tendencias de las capturas han identificado la presencia de especímenes jóvenes que aún no han alcanzado la talla media de madurez sexual respectiva, sin embargo se registran capturas de peces con grado de maduración sexual alto, lo que es importante y beneficioso para la sostenibilidad de las pesquerías de estos recursos. Se continúa con la problemática pesquera referente a los escasos controles de las vedas establecidas, la contaminación, el uso de artes o sistemas de pesca prohibidos, el uso de materiales tóxicos y nocivos, la falta de concienciación a usuarios de estos ecosistemas de agua dulce influyen como factor de vulnerabilidad en la dinámica de la pesquería artesanal en esta provincia.
A comparative analysis of available data consolidated and artisanal fisheries in the months of January, February, March of the years 2004, 2008, 2009 and 2010 was carried out in the province of Los Rios. The biological condition of the main species of freshwater fish of commercial interest remained stable catches were recorded in 13 species of native freshwater fish, including the most representative species for the study period were 18.9% Brycon dentex (dame), 16.4% Curimatorbis boulengeri actually Pseudocurimata boulengeri (dica)*, 20.6% Leporinus ecuadoriensis (mouse), 15.6% Ichthyolephas humeralis (small mouth) and 11.0% and Aequidens rivulatus actually Andinoacara rivulatus (old blue)**, commercially valuable species and lesser species are recorded Dormitator latifrons (chame) and Prochilodus lineatus (shad) with 0.4%. Lady females (1: 1.2), indicates (1: 1.08) and old blue (1: 3) predominated over males, whereas males mouse (1: 0.5) and bocachico (1:08) predominated over females. 43.9% of the five major species were found in an advanced state corresponding to stages III, IV and V sexual maturity, while 56.1% in stage I and II. The catch trends have identified the presence of young specimens that have not yet reached the average size of respective sexual maturity; however fish catches are recorded with a high degree of sexual maturation, which is important and beneficial for the sustainability of these fisheries resources. It continues with reference to the few controls established bans, pollution, use of arts or systems prohibited fishing, the use of toxic and hazardous materials fishing problems, lack of awareness to users of these freshwater ecosystems influence as a vulnerability factor in the dynamics of the artisanal fishery in this province.
A comparative analysis of available data consolidated and artisanal fisheries in the months of January, February, March of the years 2004, 2008, 2009 and 2010 was carried out in the province of Los Rios. The biological condition of the main species of freshwater fish of commercial interest remained stable catches were recorded in 13 species of native freshwater fish, including the most representative species for the study period were 18.9% Brycon dentex (dame), 16.4% Curimatorbis boulengeri actually Pseudocurimata boulengeri (dica)*, 20.6% Leporinus ecuadoriensis (mouse), 15.6% Ichthyolephas humeralis (small mouth) and 11.0% and Aequidens rivulatus actually Andinoacara rivulatus (old blue)**, commercially valuable species and lesser species are recorded Dormitator latifrons (chame) and Prochilodus lineatus (shad) with 0.4%. Lady females (1: 1.2), indicates (1: 1.08) and old blue (1: 3) predominated over males, whereas males mouse (1: 0.5) and bocachico (1:08) predominated over females. 43.9% of the five major species were found in an advanced state corresponding to stages III, IV and V sexual maturity, while 56.1% in stage I and II. The catch trends have identified the presence of young specimens that have not yet reached the average size of respective sexual maturity; however fish catches are recorded with a high degree of sexual maturation, which is important and beneficial for the sustainability of these fisheries resources. It continues with reference to the few controls established bans, pollution, use of arts or systems prohibited fishing, the use of toxic and hazardous materials fishing problems, lack of awareness to users of these freshwater ecosystems influence as a vulnerability factor in the dynamics of the artisanal fishery in this province.
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MADUREZ SEXUAL, DESOVE, ARTES DE PESCA, VEDA