Anemia durante la segunda mitad del embarazo, efectos y consecuencias en el recién nacido, estudio a realizar en el Hospital General Martín Icaza período comprendido enero a julio del 2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La anemia es el trastorno más frecuente en el mundo y durante el embarazo enmarca un
problema de morbimortalidad que afecta al binomio madre e hijo donde se podrían
presentar complicaciones perinatales y posnatales. La anemia es un síndrome agudo y
crónico caracterizado por una reducción en la capacidad de transporte de oxígeno por la
sangre en asociación con una reducción del recuento eritrocitario total y/o disminución
de hemoglobina circulante en relación a los valores definidos como normales para la
edad, raza, género, cambios fisiopatológicos (embarazo, tabaquismo) y condiciones
medioambientales (altitud). Hay suficientes evidencias de que la anemia durante el
embarazo aumenta el riesgo de sufrimiento fetal y bajo peso al nacer.
Esta investigación tiene como propósito determinar los efectos y consecuencias de la
anemia durante la segunda mitad del embarazo en los recién nacidos de las pacientes que
acudieron al área de Ginecología del Hospital General Martín Icaza en la ciudad de
Babahoyo, durante el periodo comprendido de enero a julio del 2015; obtuve el universo
de las pacientes diagnosticadas con ésta patología durante la segunda mitad del embarazo
en los registros estadísticos del establecimiento en mención, luego en consulta externa
siendo conocedor de las citas mensuales de las pacientes que cumplían con los parámetros
para mi investigación se procedió al llenado de una hoja de encuesta (ver anexos), revisión
de historia clínica detallada y exámenes complementarios lo que me permitió realizar el
seguimiento de las pacientes hasta la culminación de su embarazo. La metodología fue
de enfoque transversal cuantitativo no experimental, el método investigativo a utilizar fue
la observación analítica. Los resultados permitieron conocer los efectos y las
consecuencias de la anemia en el recién nacido, por lo que sugiero dentro de las
soluciones socializar la atención preconcepcional y mejorar los controles prenatales. Los
resultados obtenidos mostraron que el bajo peso al nacer es uno de los efectos que se
evidencian en mayor porcentaje en los hijos de las madres que cursaban con esta patología
durante la segunda etapa de la gestación (63%), mientras que el sufrimiento fetal se
evidencio en un 37%.
Anemia is the most common nutritional disorder in the world and during pregnancy morbidity and mortality frames a problem that affects the mother and son duo where perinatal and postnatal could present complications. Anemia is an acute or chronic syndrome characterized by a reduction in the capacity of oxygen in the blood in association with a reduction in total red blood cell count and / or decreased circulating hemoglobin in relation to the values defined as normal for age, race, gender, pathophysiological changes (pregnancy, smoking) and environmental conditions (altitude). There is sufficient evidence that anemia during pregnancy increases the risk of fetal distress and low birth weight. This research aims to establish the effects and consequences of anemia during the second half of pregnancy in newborns of patients who came to the area of Gynecology of the General Hospital Martin Icaza in the city of Babahoyo, during the period from January to July 2015; he got the universe of patients diagnosed with this condition during the second half of pregnancy in the statistical records of the establishment in question, then outpatient being knowledgeable of the monthly medical appointments for patients who meet the parameters for investigation proceeded to filling a survey sheet (see appendix), review of detailed clinical history and complementary exams which allowed me to track patients until completion of pregnancy. The methodology was quantitative transversal approach. Non experimental, the research method used was the analytical observation. The results allowed to know the effects and consequences of anemia in the newborn, so I suggest solutions within socialize preconception care and improve prenatal care. The results showed that low birth weight is one of the effects that are evident in higher percentage in the children of mothers who were enrolled with this condition during the second stage of gestation (63%). while fetal distress was evident by 37%.Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, fetal distress, low birth weight, preconception, prenatal
Anemia is the most common nutritional disorder in the world and during pregnancy morbidity and mortality frames a problem that affects the mother and son duo where perinatal and postnatal could present complications. Anemia is an acute or chronic syndrome characterized by a reduction in the capacity of oxygen in the blood in association with a reduction in total red blood cell count and / or decreased circulating hemoglobin in relation to the values defined as normal for age, race, gender, pathophysiological changes (pregnancy, smoking) and environmental conditions (altitude). There is sufficient evidence that anemia during pregnancy increases the risk of fetal distress and low birth weight. This research aims to establish the effects and consequences of anemia during the second half of pregnancy in newborns of patients who came to the area of Gynecology of the General Hospital Martin Icaza in the city of Babahoyo, during the period from January to July 2015; he got the universe of patients diagnosed with this condition during the second half of pregnancy in the statistical records of the establishment in question, then outpatient being knowledgeable of the monthly medical appointments for patients who meet the parameters for investigation proceeded to filling a survey sheet (see appendix), review of detailed clinical history and complementary exams which allowed me to track patients until completion of pregnancy. The methodology was quantitative transversal approach. Non experimental, the research method used was the analytical observation. The results allowed to know the effects and consequences of anemia in the newborn, so I suggest solutions within socialize preconception care and improve prenatal care. The results showed that low birth weight is one of the effects that are evident in higher percentage in the children of mothers who were enrolled with this condition during the second stage of gestation (63%). while fetal distress was evident by 37%.Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, fetal distress, low birth weight, preconception, prenatal
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Anemia, Embarazo, Bajo peso al nacer, Atención prenatal, Hospital General Martín Icaza, Cantón Babahoyo, Ecuador, Epidemiología descriptiva