Asociación entre lactancia materna exclusiva y estado nutricional de lactantes
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2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
La lactancia materna exclusiva durante los primeros 6 meses de vida ofrece varios
beneficios tanto para el hijo como para la madre. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la
asociación entre lactancia materna exclusiva y estado nutricional de lactantes. Para ello, se
utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, con un tipo de investigación prospectivo, no experimental,
transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, usando niveles descriptivo y relacional. El estudio se
llevó a cabo durante un periodo de tres meses: desde marzo a mayo de 2023, en el Centro de
Salud N.º 15 - Ferroviaria ubicado en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Los datos recolectados fueron
procesados en el programa estadístico SPSS versión 29 para sacar el valor de chi-cuadrado de
Pearson. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron que no existe asociación estadística significativa
entre lactancia materna exclusiva y los índices peso para la edad, y talla para la edad. Sin
embargo, sí se demostró la existencia de asociación entre lactancia materna exclusiva y otros
tipos de lactancia y estado nutricional de lactantes de acuerdo con el índice de peso para la talla.
Se observó una asociación predominante con peso adecuado para la talla (57,14%), y en menor
medida con riesgo de sobrepeso (8,57%).
Palabras clave: Lactancia materna exclusiva, estado nutricional, lactantes
Exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life offers various benefits for both the child and the mother. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the association between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status of infants. For this, a quantitative approach was used, with a prospective, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational type of research, using descriptive and relational levels. The study lasted three months: from March to May of 2023, in the Centro de Salud N.º 15 - Ferroviaria located in the city of Guayaquil. Data collected were processed in the statistics program SPSS version 29 to get the result of chi-cuadrado of Pearson. The results reflected that there is no significant statistical association between exclusive breastfeeding and weight-for-age and height-for-age indices. However, the existence of an association between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status of infants according to the weight-for-height index was demonstrated. A predominant association was observed with adequate weight for height (57,14%), and to a lesser extent with risk of overweight (8,57%). Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional status, infants.
Exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life offers various benefits for both the child and the mother. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the association between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status of infants. For this, a quantitative approach was used, with a prospective, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational type of research, using descriptive and relational levels. The study lasted three months: from March to May of 2023, in the Centro de Salud N.º 15 - Ferroviaria located in the city of Guayaquil. Data collected were processed in the statistics program SPSS version 29 to get the result of chi-cuadrado of Pearson. The results reflected that there is no significant statistical association between exclusive breastfeeding and weight-for-age and height-for-age indices. However, the existence of an association between exclusive breastfeeding and nutritional status of infants according to the weight-for-height index was demonstrated. A predominant association was observed with adequate weight for height (57,14%), and to a lesser extent with risk of overweight (8,57%). Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional status, infants.
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LACTANCIA MATERNA, ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, CENTRO DE SALUD NO. 15-FERROVIARIA, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR