Factores involucrados en el traumatismo craneoencefálico por accidente de tránsito en pacientes atendidos en el ECU 911
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Antecedente: El traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE), es un problema grave de salud pública,
puesto que la edad de máximo riesgo se sitúa entre 15 y los 30 años. Se define como cualquier
lesión física o deterioro funcional del contenido craneal secundario a un intercambio brusco de
energía mecánica, siendo su principal causa, los accidentes de tránsito. Objetivo: Determinar
los factores involucrados en el TCE por accidente de tránsito. Metodología: estudio
cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, se tomó una población de 302 pacientes con diagnóstico
de TCE atendidos en el ECU 911 por diversas causas, se seleccionaron 156 con diagnóstico de
TCE cuya causa fue, accidente de tránsito. Resultados: Los resultados alcanzados son que el
TCE por accidente de tránsito es más frecuente en el sexo masculino y en la edad comprendida
entre 20 a años, predominó el trauma leve seguido del moderado, el choque fue el mecanismo de
accidente más frecuente y el 48.1% de los pacientes incumplieron una o más normas de tránsito.
No existió correlación entre la severidad y el incumplimiento de normas de tránsito (p=0.100);
pero si entre la severidad y el mecanismo del accidente (p=0,000); se determinó además una
relación entre el incumplimiento de las normas con el sexo (p=0,002) y la edad (p=0,000)
Conclusión: Los factores involucrados en el TCE por accidente de tránsito son: el sexo
masculino, la edad adulta joven quienes tienen mayor predisposición a incumplir con las normas
de tránsito; factores completamente previsibles, por lo que es necesario la implementación de
estrategias enfocadas en la prevención.
Background: Traumatic brain injury is a serious public health problem, since that the age of highest risk lies between 15 and 30 years. It is defined as any physical injury or functional impairment of the cranial content secondary to a sharp exchange of mechanical, being its main energy cause, traffic accidents. Objective: To determine the factors involved in TCE by traffic accident. Methodology: quantitative, descriptive and transversal study took a population of 302 patients with diagnosis of TCE seen at ECU 911 for various reasons, they were 156 with a diagnosis of TBI whose cause was, traffic accident. Results: The results are that the TCE by traffic accident is more frequent in males and in the aged 20 years, predominated, followed by the moderate mild trauma, shock was the most frequent accident mechanism and the 48.1% of patients breached one or more transit standards. There was no correlation between the severity and the non-compliance of transit (p = 0.100); But if the mechanism of the accident and the severity (p = 0, 000); was also a relationship between the non-compliance with the sex (p = 0, 002) and age (p = 0, 000) Conclusion: indicated factors involved in TCE by traffic accident are: male, young adults who are more likely to comply with traffic laws; completely foreseeable factors, so it is necessary to the implementation of strategies focused on prevention.
Background: Traumatic brain injury is a serious public health problem, since that the age of highest risk lies between 15 and 30 years. It is defined as any physical injury or functional impairment of the cranial content secondary to a sharp exchange of mechanical, being its main energy cause, traffic accidents. Objective: To determine the factors involved in TCE by traffic accident. Methodology: quantitative, descriptive and transversal study took a population of 302 patients with diagnosis of TCE seen at ECU 911 for various reasons, they were 156 with a diagnosis of TBI whose cause was, traffic accident. Results: The results are that the TCE by traffic accident is more frequent in males and in the aged 20 years, predominated, followed by the moderate mild trauma, shock was the most frequent accident mechanism and the 48.1% of patients breached one or more transit standards. There was no correlation between the severity and the non-compliance of transit (p = 0.100); But if the mechanism of the accident and the severity (p = 0, 000); was also a relationship between the non-compliance with the sex (p = 0, 002) and age (p = 0, 000) Conclusion: indicated factors involved in TCE by traffic accident are: male, young adults who are more likely to comply with traffic laws; completely foreseeable factors, so it is necessary to the implementation of strategies focused on prevention.
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TRAUMATISMO CRANEOCEREBRALES, ACCIDENTES DE TRANSITO, SERVICIO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA INTEGRADO DE SEGURIDAD ECU 911, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR