Caracterización clínica del dengue grave en pacientes atendidos en hospitales públicos de Guayaquil, período 2013-2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Introducción: El dengue es una enfermedad producida por un virus del género flaviviridae transmitida por un artrópodo de la especie Aedes. Considerada como un problema de salud pública debido a los brotes endémicos de la misma. Afecta una importante cantidad de población sobre todo en el trópico el cual nuestro país está ubicado. Su mortalidad ha ido creciendo paulatinamente a pesar de los adelantos sobre el conocimiento de esta enfermedad.
Objetivo: Realizar una caracterización clínica del dengue grave en pacientes atendidos en Hospitales Públicos de Guayaquil, periodo 2013-2015
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio Analítico, transversal y retrospectivo. La población estuvo determinada por todas las historias clínicas de los 18863 pacientes que ingresaron con Dengue a la Emergencia de los Hospitales Públicos de Guayaquil, periodo 2013-2015, tomando como muestra 45 casos de Dengue Grave.
Resultados: Se estudió una muestra de 45 pacientes con diagnóstico de dengue grave. La edad promedio fue de 25.33. En 100% de los casos estuvo presente hemorragia, hipovolemia en 96%, deshidratación y serositis en 91 %, seguido de mialgias en 87% y fiebre 80 %. Los disturbios neurológicos solo estuvieron presentes en 40%. Los serotipos más frecuentes fue el serotipo 1-2 con 38 %, y la mortalidad fue de 5.06%.
Conclusiones: Los niños tienen mayor morbimortalidad, las manifestaciones clínicas son variadas de las cuales la hemorragia y la hipovolemia por su gravedad fueron las destacadas, el virus tipo 1-2 es el más asociado a la forma grave, la mortalidad es baja, pero creciendo exponencialmente.
Introduction: Dengue is a disease caused by a virus of the genus flaviviridae transmitted by an arthropod of the species Aedes. Considered as a public health problem due to the endemic outbreaks of it. It affects an important amount of population especially in the tropics which our country is located. Its mortality has been growing gradually in spite of the advances on the knowledge of this disease. Objective: To perform a clinical characterization of severe dengue in patients treated at Public Hospitals of Guayaquil, period 2013-2015 Methodology: An analytical, transversal and retrospective study was carried out. The population was determined by all the medical records of the 18863 patients admitted with Dengue to the Emergency of Guayaquil Public Hospitals, period 2013-2015, taking 45 cases of severe Dengue. Results: A sample of 45 patients with severe dengue was analyzed. The mean age was 25.33. In a 100% of the cases hemorrhage was present, hypovolemia in 96%, dehydration and serositis in 91%, followed by myalgias in 87% and fever in 80%. Neurological disorders were present in 40% of the cases. The most frequent serotypes were serotypes 1-2 in 38% of the patients, and mortality rate was 5.06%. CONCLUSIONS: Children have greater morbidity and mortality, clinical manifestations are varied, and hemorrhage and hypovolemia due to their severity were highlighted, type 1-2 virus is the most associated with severe form, mortality is low but growing exponentially.
Introduction: Dengue is a disease caused by a virus of the genus flaviviridae transmitted by an arthropod of the species Aedes. Considered as a public health problem due to the endemic outbreaks of it. It affects an important amount of population especially in the tropics which our country is located. Its mortality has been growing gradually in spite of the advances on the knowledge of this disease. Objective: To perform a clinical characterization of severe dengue in patients treated at Public Hospitals of Guayaquil, period 2013-2015 Methodology: An analytical, transversal and retrospective study was carried out. The population was determined by all the medical records of the 18863 patients admitted with Dengue to the Emergency of Guayaquil Public Hospitals, period 2013-2015, taking 45 cases of severe Dengue. Results: A sample of 45 patients with severe dengue was analyzed. The mean age was 25.33. In a 100% of the cases hemorrhage was present, hypovolemia in 96%, dehydration and serositis in 91%, followed by myalgias in 87% and fever in 80%. Neurological disorders were present in 40% of the cases. The most frequent serotypes were serotypes 1-2 in 38% of the patients, and mortality rate was 5.06%. CONCLUSIONS: Children have greater morbidity and mortality, clinical manifestations are varied, and hemorrhage and hypovolemia due to their severity were highlighted, type 1-2 virus is the most associated with severe form, mortality is low but growing exponentially.
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DENGUE, DIAGNOSTICO CLINICO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA ANALITICA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITALES PUBLICOS, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR