Intentos autolíticos en adolescentes atendidas/os en el Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital Provincial Docente Riobamba, período julio 2009 a junio 2010 y propuesta de intervención
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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El intento autolítico y el suicidio consumado constituyen uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública, tanto por su elevada prevalencia como por la magnitud de las consecuencias para el círculo familiar y social de las personas que lo llevan a cabo como para la sociedad en su conjunto. El objetivo principal de la investigación fue Identificar los factores asociados al intento autolítico en adolescentes en el Hospital Provincial General Docente Riobamba, período julio 2009 - junio 2010. Se trabajó con una población de 110 adolescentes con intento autolítico y se trabajó con la historia clínica familiar como método de recogida de información, se desarrolló un tipo de investigación descriptiva, explicativa, de campo y transversal, con un diseño no experimental y retrospectivo. Los resultados de la investigación sugieren que el grupo de edad más afectado son los de 17 – 19 años, sexo masculino, con instrucción secundaria, solteros, de ocupación estudiantes, que proceden de la zona urbana. Los factores sociales se asocian principalmente a la violencia intrafamiliar, problemas relacionados con el estudio, conflictos conyugales y baja autoestima. Con respecto a factores bio-psicosociales, predomina la depresión y antecedentes previos de autoeliminación. En cuanto a factores económicos prevalecen las deudas como causa principal. Los intentos autolíticos se cometieron mayormente en estado depresivo o ingirieron alcohol y el método más frecuente que se identificó es el envenenamiento. Con referencia al tratamiento médico – clínico, éste fue adecuado y lo practican en la totalidad de casos, no fue necesario aplicar técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento de lesiones. El abordaje inmediato y seguimiento del tratamiento psicoterapéutico se efectuó en la totalidad de los casos y en relación a la condición de egreso, la gran mayoría fueron dados de alta, algunos abandonaron la unidad hospitalaria y otros fallecieron, dadas las precarias condiciones de salud que tenían al llegar al Hospital. Se llegan a conclusiones y las recomendaciones que se planteó permitirán reducir la incidencia de eventos de este tipo y reflexionar sobre nuestras actitudes ante estos episodios que afectan no solo al adolescente que lo comete sino también a su entorno familiar y la misma sociedad en conjunto.
The main objective of this research was to identify factors associated with attempted suicide in adolescents seen / os in the Provincial General Teaching Hospital Riobamba, between July 2009 - June 2010. We worked with a population of 110 adolescents with attempted suicide. The attempted suicide and completed suicide are a major public health problems, both for its high prevalence and the magnitude of the consequences for the family and social circle of people who carry it out and for society as a whole . Knowledge about the attempted suicide is extremely important because it helps to choose preventive measures, when determining the causal factors. The recommendations proposed will reduce the incidence of such events and reflect on our attitudes to these events that affect not only the adolescent who commits it, but also their families and society itself together. The research results suggest that the age group most affected are those of 17 to 19 years old, male, with secondary, single, occupation students, who come from urban areas. Social factors are mainly associated with domestic violence, problems related to the study, marital conflict and low selfesteem. With regard to bio-psychosocial factors, predominantly depression and previous history of self-elimination. As for economic factors prevailing debts as the main cause. The suicide attempts were made mostly in depressed mood or ingested alcohol and the most frequently identified is poisoning. With reference to medical treatment - clinical, it was adequate and practice it in all cases, it was necessary to apply surgical techniques to treat injuries. The immediate approach of psychotherapy and monitoring was performed in all cases and in relation to the condition of graduation, most were discharged, some left the hospital unit and others died, given the precarious health conditions that had to reach the Hospital.
The main objective of this research was to identify factors associated with attempted suicide in adolescents seen / os in the Provincial General Teaching Hospital Riobamba, between July 2009 - June 2010. We worked with a population of 110 adolescents with attempted suicide. The attempted suicide and completed suicide are a major public health problems, both for its high prevalence and the magnitude of the consequences for the family and social circle of people who carry it out and for society as a whole . Knowledge about the attempted suicide is extremely important because it helps to choose preventive measures, when determining the causal factors. The recommendations proposed will reduce the incidence of such events and reflect on our attitudes to these events that affect not only the adolescent who commits it, but also their families and society itself together. The research results suggest that the age group most affected are those of 17 to 19 years old, male, with secondary, single, occupation students, who come from urban areas. Social factors are mainly associated with domestic violence, problems related to the study, marital conflict and low selfesteem. With regard to bio-psychosocial factors, predominantly depression and previous history of self-elimination. As for economic factors prevailing debts as the main cause. The suicide attempts were made mostly in depressed mood or ingested alcohol and the most frequently identified is poisoning. With reference to medical treatment - clinical, it was adequate and practice it in all cases, it was necessary to apply surgical techniques to treat injuries. The immediate approach of psychotherapy and monitoring was performed in all cases and in relation to the condition of graduation, most were discharged, some left the hospital unit and others died, given the precarious health conditions that had to reach the Hospital.
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Adolescente, Intento autolítico, Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital, Hospital General Docente de Riobamba, Cantón Riobamba, Ecuador