Evaluación de la utilización de islas flotantes como método de biorremediación en el Estero Palanqueado
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2020-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente estudio de caso tiene la finalidad de poner en conocimiento los aspectos
relevantes en el proceso de biorremediación del Estero salado, relacionado a la
aplicación de unas estructuras denominadas “Islas Flotantes” que fueron instaladas por
el Ministerio del Ambiente con el objetivo de mejorar las condiciones físico – químicas
de la calidad del agua del Estero Palanqueado, ubicado en el sector sur oeste de la
ciudad de Guayaquil. Se analizaron datos de línea base del lugar y se los contrastó con
los resultados de los valores de los parámetros físicos y datos de biodiversidad
obtenidos en el muestreo realizado por la empresa contratada para dicho monitoreo en el
período de junio a noviembre del año 2017 Estos resultados fueron analizados y
comparados con la tabla 6 del Acuerdo Ministerial 097-A del Ministerio del Ambiente
en la que se expresan los criterios de calidad de agua para fines recreativos por contacto
primario. Los resultados para este piloto mostraron una mejoría en los niveles de los valores de límites permisibles de la mencionada tabla 6, pero estos no llegaron a
alcanzar los rangos adecuados que determina la tabla 6. Se puede concluir que la sola
aplicación de las denominadas islas flotantes no es suficiente para lograr la remediación
de estos cuerpos de agua, los cuales han recibido contaminación ambiental por décadas,
sino que la reparación debe ser integral con la participación de muchas entidades y la
implementación de acciones de remoción de sedimentos (dragado), cierre de guías
domiciliarias de alcantarillado sanitario, que son evacuadas hacia el estero. Finalmente,
se comprobó que la utilización de las islas ayuda a formar una biota en el cual se
adhieren distintas especies de flora y fauna y estas contribuyen al mejoramiento del
ecosistema circundante.
The purpose of this case study is to raise awareness of the relevant aspects in the bioremediation process of the Salado Estuary, related to the application of structures called "Floating Islands" that were installed by the Ministry of the Environment with the aim of improving the physical-chemical conditions of the water quality of the Palanqueado Estuary, located in the south-west sector of the city of Guayaquil. Baseline data of the place were analyzed and contrasted with the results of the values of the physical parameters and biodiversity data obtained in the sampling carried out by the company hired for said monitoring in the period from June to November of the year 2017 These results They were analyzed and compared with table 6 of Ministerial Agreement 097-A of the Ministry of the Environment in which the criteria of water quality for recreational purposes by primary contact are expressed. The results for this pilot showed an improvement in the levels of the permissible limits of the aforementioned table 6, but these did not reach the adequate ranges determined by table 6. It can be concluded that the sole application of the so-called islands floating is not enough to achieve the remediation of these bodies of water, which have received environmental contamination for decades, but the repair must be comprehensive with the participation of many entities and the implementation of sediment removal actions (dredging), closure of domiciliary guides of sanitary sewer system, which are evacuated towards the estuary. Finally, it was found that the use of the islands helps to form a 3 biota in which different species of flora and fauna adhere and these contribute to the improvement of the surrounding ecosystem
The purpose of this case study is to raise awareness of the relevant aspects in the bioremediation process of the Salado Estuary, related to the application of structures called "Floating Islands" that were installed by the Ministry of the Environment with the aim of improving the physical-chemical conditions of the water quality of the Palanqueado Estuary, located in the south-west sector of the city of Guayaquil. Baseline data of the place were analyzed and contrasted with the results of the values of the physical parameters and biodiversity data obtained in the sampling carried out by the company hired for said monitoring in the period from June to November of the year 2017 These results They were analyzed and compared with table 6 of Ministerial Agreement 097-A of the Ministry of the Environment in which the criteria of water quality for recreational purposes by primary contact are expressed. The results for this pilot showed an improvement in the levels of the permissible limits of the aforementioned table 6, but these did not reach the adequate ranges determined by table 6. It can be concluded that the sole application of the so-called islands floating is not enough to achieve the remediation of these bodies of water, which have received environmental contamination for decades, but the repair must be comprehensive with the participation of many entities and the implementation of sediment removal actions (dredging), closure of domiciliary guides of sanitary sewer system, which are evacuated towards the estuary. Finally, it was found that the use of the islands helps to form a 3 biota in which different species of flora and fauna adhere and these contribute to the improvement of the surrounding ecosystem
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Palabras clave
ISLAS FLOTANTES, BIORREMEDIACIÓN, ESTERO PALANQUEADO, BIOTA, ECOSISTEMA