Evaluación de trichoderma spp sobre enfermedades en el cultivo de melón Cucumis melo L.
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Fecha
2017
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo se realizó en el predio ubicado en la finca El Cañal, parroquia El
Laurel, cantón Daule, provincia del Guayas, en el período comprendido entre el mes
de octubre del 2016 – enero del 2017, esta investigación se hizo con la finalidad de
establecer una nueva alternativa para prevención y un mejor control de enfermedades
utilizando semillas de melón variedad Edisto híbrido de la empresa Seminis, los
materiales requeridos en la preparación del terreno y semilleros para esta
investigación, como fungicida se utilizó Trichoderma spp, aplicando diferentes dosis:
Solo semillero 2.5 g/L y 5.0 g/L; Semillero 2.5 g/L + 0.5 L/ha de Trichoderma, 5.0
ml/L + 0.5 L/ha de Trichoderma al trasplante; Semillero 2.5 g/L + 1.0 L/ha de
Trichoderma al trasplante; Semillero 5.0 g/L+ 1.0 L/ha de Trichoderma al trasplante;
Semillero 2.5 g/L + 0.5 L/ha de Trichoderma al trasplante + 10 ddt; Semillero 5.0 g/L
+0.5 L/ha de Trichoderma al trasplante + 10 ddt; Semillero 2.5 g/L + 1.0 L/ha de
Trichoderma al trasplante +10 ddt; Semillero 5.0 g/L +1.0 L/ha de Trichoderma al
trasplante + 10 ddt; solo semillero 2.5 g/L + fungicida; solo semillero 5.0 g/L +
fungicida, el área experimental estuvo constituida por 12 tratamientos cada uno con
tres repeticiones. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el diseño completamente al azar,
y para la comparación de las medias el SAS (Sistema de Análisis Estadístico) las
variables evaluadas fueron: Incidencia y severidad de enfermedades cada ocho días
hasta los 64 días, longitud de guía a los 20, 40 y 60 días, número de frutos, peso
promedio del fruto, rendimiento por hectárea y se realizó un análisis económico de los
tratamientos los tratamientos fueron evaluados cada ocho días y las evaluaciones
finales se realizaron a cosecha para así determinar los tratamiento más efectivos
concerniente a la aplicación de Trichoderma spp en este caso no hubo diferencia
significativa ya que obtuvieron porcentajes estadísticamente iguales. En base a todo
el trabajo realizado, se concluye que el cultivo de melón Edisto conocido como piel de
sapo obtuvo un control eficaz en cuanto a enfermedades y un rendimiento de kg/ha de
acuerdo al estimado en los cuatro meses para lograr el porcentaje de fructificación
requerido, como prueba de este trabajo se anexan el análisis de suelo, croquis del sitio
donde se realizó el experimento, croquis de las medidas utilizadas en la parcela
experimental, cuadros estadísticos correspondiente a los resultados y las figuras de
acuerdo a las etapas del cultivo tomadas por la autora.
The present work was carried out in the property located in the property The Cane plantation, parish The Laurel, canton Daule, county of the Guayas, in the period understood among the month of October of the 2016 - January of the 2017, this investigation you hiso with the purpose of establishing a new alternative for prevention and a better control of illnesses using seeds of melon variety hybrid Edisto of the company Seminis and the materials required in the preparation of the land and nurseries for this investigation, as fungicide Trichoderma spp was used, applying different dose: Single nursery 2.5 g/L and 5.0 g/L; Nursery 2.5 g/L + 0.5 L/ha of Trichoderma, 5.0 g/L + 0.5 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant; Nursery 2.5g/L + 1.0 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant; Nursery 5.0 g/L+ 1.0 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant; Nursery 2.5 g/L + 0.5 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant + 10 ddt; Nursery 5.0 g/L +0.5 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant + 10 ddt; Nursery 2.5 g/L + 1.0 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant +10 ddt; Nursery 5.0 ml/L +1.0 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant + 10 ddt; single nursery 2.5 g/L + fungicide; single nursery 5.0 g/L + fungicide, the experimental area was constituted by 12 treatments each one with three repetitions. For the statistical analysis the design was used totally at random, and for the comparison of the stockings the SAS (System of Statistical Analysis) the evaluated variables were: Incidence and severity of illnesses every eight days until the 64 days, guide longitude to the 20, 40 and 60 days, number of fruits, weight average of the fruit, yield for hectare and he/she was carried out an economic analysis of the treatments the treatments they were evaluated every eight days and the final evaluations were carried out to crop it stops to determine the concerning more effective treatment to the application of Trichoderma spp in this case they were this way the treatments: three, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten those that obtained high percentages in control of illnesses. Based on the whole carried out investigation work, you concludes that the melon cultivation Edisto known as toad skin obtained high percentages in yield in prevention and control of illnesses using and applying the different doses of Trichoderma spp, which requires of approximately four months to achieve a percentage of dear fructification, like test of this work the floor analysis, outline of the place and the experimental parcel they are annexed, statistical squares of the results, location of the experimental place and figures corresponding to the stages of the cultivation taken by the author.
The present work was carried out in the property located in the property The Cane plantation, parish The Laurel, canton Daule, county of the Guayas, in the period understood among the month of October of the 2016 - January of the 2017, this investigation you hiso with the purpose of establishing a new alternative for prevention and a better control of illnesses using seeds of melon variety hybrid Edisto of the company Seminis and the materials required in the preparation of the land and nurseries for this investigation, as fungicide Trichoderma spp was used, applying different dose: Single nursery 2.5 g/L and 5.0 g/L; Nursery 2.5 g/L + 0.5 L/ha of Trichoderma, 5.0 g/L + 0.5 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant; Nursery 2.5g/L + 1.0 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant; Nursery 5.0 g/L+ 1.0 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant; Nursery 2.5 g/L + 0.5 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant + 10 ddt; Nursery 5.0 g/L +0.5 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant + 10 ddt; Nursery 2.5 g/L + 1.0 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant +10 ddt; Nursery 5.0 ml/L +1.0 L/ha of Trichoderma to the transplant + 10 ddt; single nursery 2.5 g/L + fungicide; single nursery 5.0 g/L + fungicide, the experimental area was constituted by 12 treatments each one with three repetitions. For the statistical analysis the design was used totally at random, and for the comparison of the stockings the SAS (System of Statistical Analysis) the evaluated variables were: Incidence and severity of illnesses every eight days until the 64 days, guide longitude to the 20, 40 and 60 days, number of fruits, weight average of the fruit, yield for hectare and he/she was carried out an economic analysis of the treatments the treatments they were evaluated every eight days and the final evaluations were carried out to crop it stops to determine the concerning more effective treatment to the application of Trichoderma spp in this case they were this way the treatments: three, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten those that obtained high percentages in control of illnesses. Based on the whole carried out investigation work, you concludes that the melon cultivation Edisto known as toad skin obtained high percentages in yield in prevention and control of illnesses using and applying the different doses of Trichoderma spp, which requires of approximately four months to achieve a percentage of dear fructification, like test of this work the floor analysis, outline of the place and the experimental parcel they are annexed, statistical squares of the results, location of the experimental place and figures corresponding to the stages of the cultivation taken by the author.
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Palabras clave
TRICHODERMA, INCIDENCIA, SEVERIDAD, VIROSIS