Desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico en niños con quemaduras mayores al 20% propuesta preventiva y manejo inicial
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Antecedentes: Las quemaduras mayores al 20% de SCQ en niños, conllevan
alteraciones hemodinámicas que ameritan ser referidas a los Hospitales de tercer
nivel, su manejo inicial, evaluación y aplicación de soluciones de hidratación según
fórmulas y esquemas, no se cumple a cabalidad en las unidades de atención primaria
de salud. Objetivo general: Determinar la relación entre los desequilibrios
hidroelectrolíticos y el porcentaje de superficie corporal quemada en pacientes que
son transferidos al Hospital Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante durante enero a junio del
2016. La metodología que se utilizó fue de tipo cuantitativo, transversal,
observacional, se incluyó niños entre 0- 15 años de edad ingresados al HFIB en el
período de estudio, con quemaduras mayores al 20% de SCQ que tuvieron reportes
de laboratorio dentro de las primeras 48 horas. Resultados: El sexo masculino cuya
SCQ que abarca entre el 20- 39% de extensión se observó con mayor frecuencia, la
hiponatremia es el desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico más frecuente, al relacionar las
variables porcentaje de extensión de SCQ y desequilibrios hidroelectrolíticos se
obtuvo una significancia que prueba la relación entre ambas variables. El Lactato de
Ringer es el fluido mayormente empleado, sin uso de fórmula. Conclusiones: La
correcta evaluación y manejo inicial de paciente pediátrico con quemadura grave
mediante el uso y aplicación de fórmulas favorece la evolución clínica y disminuye
los desequilibrios hidroelectrolíticos.
Background: Burns greater than 20% SCQ in children carry hemodynamic alterations that warrant referral to third level hospitals, their initial management, evaluation and application of hydration solutions according to formulas and schemes, is not fully complied with in the care units primary health care. General objective: Determine the relationship between electrolyte imbalances and percentage of body surface burned in patients who are transferred to Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital during January to June 2016. The methodology used was quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, children included between 0- 15 years old admitted to HFIB in the study period, with major burns to 20% of SCQ who had lab reports within the first 48 hours. Results: The male whose SCQ covering between 20- 39% extension was observed more frequently, hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance, by relating the variables percentage SCQ extension electrolyte imbalances and a significance test was obtained the relationship between the two variables. Ringer Lactate is the fluid used mostly, unused formula. Conclusions: The correct evaluation and initial management of pediatric patients with severe burn through the use and application of formulas favors clinical evolution and decreases electrolyte imbalances.
Background: Burns greater than 20% SCQ in children carry hemodynamic alterations that warrant referral to third level hospitals, their initial management, evaluation and application of hydration solutions according to formulas and schemes, is not fully complied with in the care units primary health care. General objective: Determine the relationship between electrolyte imbalances and percentage of body surface burned in patients who are transferred to Dr. Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital during January to June 2016. The methodology used was quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, children included between 0- 15 years old admitted to HFIB in the study period, with major burns to 20% of SCQ who had lab reports within the first 48 hours. Results: The male whose SCQ covering between 20- 39% extension was observed more frequently, hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance, by relating the variables percentage SCQ extension electrolyte imbalances and a significance test was obtained the relationship between the two variables. Ringer Lactate is the fluid used mostly, unused formula. Conclusions: The correct evaluation and initial management of pediatric patients with severe burn through the use and application of formulas favors clinical evolution and decreases electrolyte imbalances.
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PEDIATRIA, QUEMADURAS, DESEQUILIBRIO HIDROELECTRICO, HOSPITAL DEL NIÑO FRANCISCO DE ICAZA BUSTAMANTE, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR