Conducta suicida entre depresión y trastorno afectivo bipolar -Instituto de Neurociencias
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El suicidio es la complicación más grave y frecuente de los trastornos del estado de
ánimo, especialmente en la depresión y trastorno afectivo bipolar.
Objetivo: Analizar la conducta suicida en pacientes con depresión y trastorno afectivo
bipolar del Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil.
Metodología: El estudio fue de tipo cuantitativo, analítico, correlacional, transversal y
retrospectivo, que incluyó a 50 pacientes con depresión y 50 con trastorno afectivo
bipolar y determinó la tendencia suicida en ambos grupos. Se empleó estadística
descriptiva e inferencial y el software estadístico SPSS versión 21 para el análisis de los
datos. El periodo de estudio comprendió desde el 1 de enero del 2015 hasta el 31 de
diciembre del 2016.
Resultados: El 73,2% (71) presentó antecedentes de conducta suicida durante el
periodo de estudio. De los 89 pacientes con depresión mayor el 71,9% presentó
conducta suicida, mientras que de los 8 pacientes con bipolaridad se presentó en el
7,5%.El desempleo constituye el factor estresor principal en ambas patologías, 70,8%
en depresión mayor y 87,5% en bipolares. El maltrato psicológico (93,8%) fue el
principal factor de riesgo de conducto suicida. El cual predominó en ambos grupos de
pacientes con el 93,3% (83) en depresivos y el 100% (8) en bipolares. Además los
pacientes bipolares presentaron otro factor de riesgo importante que fueron los
problemas de pareja en el 100% (8) de los casos.
Conclusión:Existe asociación estadística entre la conducta suicida con el maltrato
psicológico y los problemas de pareja, los cuales aumentan 7 y 3 veces el riesgo de
conducta suicida en pacientes con trastornos del estado de ánimo en relación al grupo
que no los tiene.
Suicide is the most serious and frequent complication of mood disorders, especially in depression and bipolar affective disorder. Objective: To analyze the suicidal behavior in patients with depression and bipolar affective disorder of the Institute of Neurosciences of Guayaquil. Methodology: The study was quantitative, analytical, correlational, transversal and retrospective, which included 50 patients with depression and 50 with bipolar affective disorder and determined the suicidal tendency in both groups. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used and statistical software SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. The study period ran from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Results: 73.2% (71) presented a history of suicidal behavior during the study period. Of the 89 patients with major depression, 71.9% presented suicidal behavior, while of the 8 patients with bipolarity, 7.5% presented. Unemployment is the main stressor in both pathologies, 70.8% in major depression and 87.5% in bipolar. Psychological abuse (93.8%) was the main risk factor for suicidal conduct. Which predominated in both groups of patients with 93.3% (83) in depressives and 100% (8) in bipolar patients. In addition, bipolar patients presented another important risk factor, which was the couple's problems in 100% (8) of the cases. Conclusion: There is a statistical association between suicidal behavior with psychological abuse and relationship problems, which increase the risk of suicidal behavior 7 and 3 times in patients with mood disorders in relation to the group that does not have them.
Suicide is the most serious and frequent complication of mood disorders, especially in depression and bipolar affective disorder. Objective: To analyze the suicidal behavior in patients with depression and bipolar affective disorder of the Institute of Neurosciences of Guayaquil. Methodology: The study was quantitative, analytical, correlational, transversal and retrospective, which included 50 patients with depression and 50 with bipolar affective disorder and determined the suicidal tendency in both groups. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used and statistical software SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. The study period ran from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Results: 73.2% (71) presented a history of suicidal behavior during the study period. Of the 89 patients with major depression, 71.9% presented suicidal behavior, while of the 8 patients with bipolarity, 7.5% presented. Unemployment is the main stressor in both pathologies, 70.8% in major depression and 87.5% in bipolar. Psychological abuse (93.8%) was the main risk factor for suicidal conduct. Which predominated in both groups of patients with 93.3% (83) in depressives and 100% (8) in bipolar patients. In addition, bipolar patients presented another important risk factor, which was the couple's problems in 100% (8) of the cases. Conclusion: There is a statistical association between suicidal behavior with psychological abuse and relationship problems, which increase the risk of suicidal behavior 7 and 3 times in patients with mood disorders in relation to the group that does not have them.
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CONDUCTA SUICIDA, TRASTORNO DEPRESIVO, TRASTORNO BIPOLAR, ESTADO DE ANIMO, INSTITUTO DE NEUROCIENCIAS, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUASDOR