Factores de riesgo laboral en profesionales de salud del Hospital Básico Huaquillas
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
A pesar de su importancia, existe escasa información sobre los factores de riesgo a lo
que se encuentra expuesto el personal de salud. Por lo cual la presente investigación plantea
como objetivo general determinar los factores de riesgo en profesionales de salud que laboran
en el Hospital Básico Huaquillas; utilizando la metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo
trasversal, diseño no experimental, mediante métodos: bibliográfico, analítico, estadístico y
como técnica una encuesta, posterior un estudio cuantitativo, con un universo de 101
personas. Los resultados denotan que el 38.61% de los factores de riesgo a los que están
expuestos los profesionales de salud son los psicosociales, entre los que abarca la depresión
(20.79%), y el síndrome de burnout (7.9%), agresiones por parte de los usuarios (5.94%);
seguido con el 20.79% de los fisiológicos y mecánicos, que corresponde a las complicaciones
en la salud a causa de la ergonómica inadecuada (8.91%), y lesiones osteomusculares
(6.93%); así mismo con el 18.81% los factores físicos; con el 10.89% los químicos, tales
como daños sobre diversos órganos o malformaciones congénitas (1.98%), y la exposición a
sustancias irritantes y alergénicas (16.83%); los biológicos con idéntico porcentaje (10.98%)
ubica a los accidentes con material corto punzante (9.90%), infecciones por virus, agentes
fungidos y bacterias (7.92%). Finalmente de los factores investigados, todos afectan a los
profesionales de salud, siendo en mayor medida los psicosociales, fisiológicos y mecánicos,
de tal manera se propone una Guía de Prevención de accidentes laborales en hospitales.
Despite its importance, there is scant information about the risk factors to which the health personnel are exposed. Therefore, the present research aims to determine the risk factors in health professionals who work at Huaquillas Basic Hospital; Using methodology of quantitative approach, cross-type, non-experimental design, using methods: bibliographic, analytical, statistical and as a technique a survey, later a quantitative study, with a universe of 101 people. The results show that 38.61% of the risk factors to which health professionals are exposed are psychosocial, including depression (20.79%), and burnout syndrome (7.9%), The users (5.94%); Followed by 20.79% of physiological and mechanical complications, corresponding to health complications due to inadequate ergonomics (8.91%), and musculoskeletal injuries (6.93%); Likewise with 18.81% the physical factors; With 10.89% of chemicals, such as damage to various organs or congenital malformations (1.98%), and exposure to irritants and allergens (16.83%); The same percentage (10.98%) found the accidents with short stabbing material (9.90%), virus infections, fungi and bacteria (7.92%). Finally, of the factors investigated, all affect the health professionals, being to a greater extent the psychosocial, physiological and mechanical, so a Guide for preventive of occupational accidents is hospitals is proposed.
Despite its importance, there is scant information about the risk factors to which the health personnel are exposed. Therefore, the present research aims to determine the risk factors in health professionals who work at Huaquillas Basic Hospital; Using methodology of quantitative approach, cross-type, non-experimental design, using methods: bibliographic, analytical, statistical and as a technique a survey, later a quantitative study, with a universe of 101 people. The results show that 38.61% of the risk factors to which health professionals are exposed are psychosocial, including depression (20.79%), and burnout syndrome (7.9%), The users (5.94%); Followed by 20.79% of physiological and mechanical complications, corresponding to health complications due to inadequate ergonomics (8.91%), and musculoskeletal injuries (6.93%); Likewise with 18.81% the physical factors; With 10.89% of chemicals, such as damage to various organs or congenital malformations (1.98%), and exposure to irritants and allergens (16.83%); The same percentage (10.98%) found the accidents with short stabbing material (9.90%), virus infections, fungi and bacteria (7.92%). Finally, of the factors investigated, all affect the health professionals, being to a greater extent the psychosocial, physiological and mechanical, so a Guide for preventive of occupational accidents is hospitals is proposed.
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FACTORES DE RIESGO, SALUD LABORAL, PERSONAL DE SALUD, ENCUESTAS EPIDEMIOLOGICAS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA ANALITICA, INTERPRETACION ESTADISTICA DE DATOS, HOSPITAL BASICO HUAQUILLAS, CANTON HUAQUILLAS, ECUADOR