Factores de riesgo psicosociales asociados a preeclampsia en adolescentes atendidas en el Hospital de Portoviejo
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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ANTECEDENTES: La preeclampsia es un problema médico de gran importancia. De etiología desconocida, caracterizada por hipertensión, proteinuria, y anomalías en la coagulación y/o en la función hepática acompañado de edema. Según la OMS el embarazo en adolescentes se define como el presentado entre 10 y 19 años, este grupo etario trae consigo diferentes complicaciones entorno a su gestación y con un sinnúmero de factores de riesgo psicosociales que pueden originar la aparición de la preeclampsia OBJETIVO: Determinar la relación que existe entre los factores psicosociales y la presencia de preeclampsia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio analítico de casos y controles. La muestra estuvo conformada por 120 adolescentes, 60 casos con diagnóstico de preeclampsia y 60 sin diagnóstico de preeclampsia, según lugar de procedencia y estado civil. Se aplicó cuatro instrumentos: el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo Estado (IDARE), el Inventario de Depresión Rasgo Estado (IDERE), el APGAR familiar y la ficha de violencia. Para el análisis de los datosse estimó Chi cuadrado (significativo p<0.05), la razón de momios con intervalos de confianza al 95% y la regresión logística aplicándose la prueba de Hosmer y Lemeshov (p>0.05) para determinar el modelo y la prueba R cuadrado de Cox y Snell para determinar el valor explicativo del modelo. RESULTADOS: La ansiedad (OR: 3.24; IC 95%: 1.24-8.49), la depresión (OR: 3.35; IC 95%: 1.12-9.99) y la violencia (OR: 2.41; IC 95%: 1.08-5.38) se asociaron significativamente con preeclampsia. No se encontró asociación entre disfunción familiar (OR: 1.65; IC 95%: 0.78-3.48) y preeclampsia. CONCLUSIÓN: Los factores de riesgo psicológicos (OR: 3.33; IC 95%: 1.42-7.82) y sociales (OR: 2.10; IC 95%: 1.01-4.36) se asociaron significativamente con preeclampsia.
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a major medical problem. Of unknown etiology, characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and anomalies in coagulation and / or liver function accompanied by edema. According to WHO, pregnancy in adolescents is defined as that presented between 10 and 19 years old, this age group brings with it different complications around its gestation and with a number of psychosocial risk factors that can lead to the appearance of preeclampsia OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between psychosocial factors and the presence of preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Analytical case-control study. The sample consisted of 120 adolescents, 60 cases with diagnosis of preeclampsia and 60 without diagnosis of preeclampsia, according to place of origin and marital status. Four instruments were applied: the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (IDARE), the State Trait Depression Inventory (IDERE), the family APGAR and the record of violence. For the analysis of the data it was estimated chi square (significant p <0.05), odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and logistic regression using the Hosmer and Lemeshov test (p> 0.05) to determine the model and test R squared of Cox and Snell to determine the explanatory value of the model. RESULTS: Anxiety (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.24-8.49), depression (OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.129.99) and violence (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.08-5.38) were were significantly associated with preeclampsia. There was no association between familial dysfunction (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 0.783.48) and preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: Psychological (OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.42-7.82) and social risk factors (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.01-4.36) were significantly associated with preeclampsia.
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a major medical problem. Of unknown etiology, characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and anomalies in coagulation and / or liver function accompanied by edema. According to WHO, pregnancy in adolescents is defined as that presented between 10 and 19 years old, this age group brings with it different complications around its gestation and with a number of psychosocial risk factors that can lead to the appearance of preeclampsia OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between psychosocial factors and the presence of preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Analytical case-control study. The sample consisted of 120 adolescents, 60 cases with diagnosis of preeclampsia and 60 without diagnosis of preeclampsia, according to place of origin and marital status. Four instruments were applied: the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (IDARE), the State Trait Depression Inventory (IDERE), the family APGAR and the record of violence. For the analysis of the data it was estimated chi square (significant p <0.05), odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals and logistic regression using the Hosmer and Lemeshov test (p> 0.05) to determine the model and test R squared of Cox and Snell to determine the explanatory value of the model. RESULTS: Anxiety (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.24-8.49), depression (OR: 3.35, 95% CI: 1.129.99) and violence (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.08-5.38) were were significantly associated with preeclampsia. There was no association between familial dysfunction (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 0.783.48) and preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: Psychological (OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.42-7.82) and social risk factors (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.01-4.36) were significantly associated with preeclampsia.
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Preeclampsia, Factores de riesgo, Epidemiología analítica, Hospital Regional Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda, Cantón Portoviejo, Ecuador